Chapter 7

Question 1

What is electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 1

A type of energy embodied in oscillating electric and magnetic fields

Question 2

What’s the difference between a Magnetic field and electric field?

Answer 2

Magnetic- region of space where a magnetic particle experiences a force
Electric- region of space where an electrically charged particle experiences a force

Question 3

What is the speed of light?

Answer 3

3.00x10^8 m/s

Question 4

What is the amplitude and the wavelength?

What do each determine?

Answer 4

Amplitude is the height of a crust or depth of a trough of a wave
Determines light intensity
Wavelength is the distance between adjacent crests
Determines light colour

Question 5

What is the formula for frequency? What are it’s units?

Answer 5

v=c/y (upside down)
V= frequency
C= speed of light
Y= wavelength in m

Unit is 1/s or Hz

Question 6

What is the form of electromagnetic radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum with the shortest wavelength?

Answer 6

Gamma rays

Question 7

What is the order of types of wavelengths from on the electromagnetic spectrum from least wavelength to greatest wavelength?

Answer 7

Gamma rays
X-rays
Ultraviolet radiation
Visible light
Infrared radiation 
Microwaves
Radio waves

Question 8

What is interference?

Answer 8

When waves cancel eachother or build each other up depending on their alignment upon interaction

Question 9

What is diffraction?

Answer 9

When a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit that is comparable in size to its wavelength, it bends around it

Question 10

What is the photoelectric effect?

Answer 10

The observation that many metals eject electrons when light shines upon them

Question 11

What is the binding energy of electrons?

Answer 11

The energy with which an electron is bound to a metal

Question 12

What is Albert Einstein’s equation about energy in a photon and frequency? (And plancks)

Answer 12

E=hv
E= energy in a light packet (photon)
h= Plancks constant
v= frequency

Or
E=hc/y

Question 13

What is the formula to find the binding energy of an electron?
What is the formula for finding the kinetic energy of the ejected electron?

Answer 13

hv= ø
Ø=binding energy of electron

KE=hv-ø
KE= kinetic energy of ejected electron

Question 14

What happens when an atom absorbs energy?

Answer 14

It often re-emits that energy as light

Question 15

What is the equation for finding the wavelength of an electron given its m and velocity?

Answer 15

Y(upside down)=h/mv

Question 16

Why can’t it be proven why an electron aimed at a double slit forms an interference pattern?

Answer 16

Because an I observed electron can occupy two places at once but once you try and watch it it disappears

Question 17

Is it possible to see the interference pattern while determining which slit the electron goes through?

Answer 17

No because once you try and determine it just shows it going through one or the other

Question 18

What are complementary properties and what’s an example in quantum mechanics?

Answer 18

They exclude one another- the more you know about one the less you know about the other
Ex: the wave nature and particle nature of electrons

Question 19

What is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle equation with the the change in x, m, change in v and pie

Answer 19

🔺X(m🔺v) > (or equal to) h/4pie

🔺x is the uncertainty of position

Question 20

How did Heisenberg solve the problem of an object being both a particle and a wave?

Answer 20

He said it could be a particle or a wave but never both at once

Question 21

What is a probability distribution map?

Answer 21

Statistical map that shows where an electron is likely to be found under a given set of conditions

Question 22

What is the principle quantum number?

What is it’s symbol?

Answer 22

n
An integer that determines the overall size and energy of an orbital
Can be 1,2,3,4… and so on

Question 23

What is the angular momentum quantum number?

What is it’s symbol?

Answer 23

l
An integer that determines the shape of the orbital
n-1

L=
0= s orbital
1= p orbital
2= d orbital
3= f orbital
4= g orbital

Question 24

If n=3, what are all possible values of l? (Quantum numbers)

Answer 24

l=n-3= 2

So l can be 0,1,2

Question 25

What is the magnetic quantum number?

What is it’s symbol?

Answer 25

ml
An integer that specifies the
orientation of the orbital
-l to +l (angular momentum number)

Question 26

What is the the spin quantum number?

What is it’s symbol?

Answer 26

ms
Specifies the orientation of the spin of the electron
Spin up +1/2
Spin down -1/2

Question 27

What are sublevels?

Answer 27

Orbitals with the same value of n and l

The number of sublevels is equal to n

Question 28

How do you find the number of orbitals in a level?

Answer 28

N^2

Question 29

What is the formula for finding the change in energy that occurs in an atom when an electron changes energy levels?

Answer 29

🔺E=-2.18x10^-18 J (1/nf^2-1/ni^2)

Question 30

What is the relationship between the change in energy of an atom when an electron changes energy levels and the energy of a photon?

Answer 30

They are equal but negative

🔺Eatom=-Ephoton

Question 31

What is a node?

Answer 31

Point where the wave function (trident thingy) goes through zero
In the infinity symbol the node would be the middle intersection point

Question 32

What do each the s orbital, p orbital, and d orbital look like?

Answer 32

S- one balloon
P- two balloons
D- four balloons

Question 33

What is the formula for finding the energy of an orbital with a principle quantum number?

Answer 33

En= -2.18x10^-18J(1/n^2)

Question 34

How do we find the maximum amount of electrons released given n, l and ml?

Answer 34

Each sub level (ml) releases 2 electrons so if you’re given ml it’s 2 but if you’re not it means ml can be -+l which means you multiply n by the amount of possible ml numbers