Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is electromagnetic radiation?
A type of energy embodied in oscillating electric and magnetic fields
What’s the difference between a Magnetic field and electric field?
Magnetic- region of space where a magnetic particle experiences a force
Electric- region of space where an electrically charged particle experiences a force
What is the speed of light?
3.00x10^8 m/s
What is the amplitude and the wavelength?
What do each determine?
Amplitude is the height of a crust or depth of a trough of a wave
Determines light intensity
Wavelength is the distance between adjacent crests
Determines light colour
What is the formula for frequency? What are it’s units?
v=c/y (upside down)
V= frequency
C= speed of light
Y= wavelength in m
Unit is 1/s or Hz
What is the form of electromagnetic radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum with the shortest wavelength?
Gamma rays
What is the order of types of wavelengths from on the electromagnetic spectrum from least wavelength to greatest wavelength?
Gamma rays X-rays Ultraviolet radiation Visible light Infrared radiation Microwaves Radio waves
What is interference?
When waves cancel eachother or build each other up depending on their alignment upon interaction
What is diffraction?
When a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit that is comparable in size to its wavelength, it bends around it
What is the photoelectric effect?
The observation that many metals eject electrons when light shines upon them
What is the binding energy of electrons?
The energy with which an electron is bound to a metal
What is Albert Einstein’s equation about energy in a photon and frequency? (And plancks)
E=hv
E= energy in a light packet (photon)
h= Plancks constant
v= frequency
Or
E=hc/y
What is the formula to find the binding energy of an electron?
What is the formula for finding the kinetic energy of the ejected electron?
hv= ø
Ø=binding energy of electron
KE=hv-ø
KE= kinetic energy of ejected electron
What happens when an atom absorbs energy?
It often re-emits that energy as light
What is the equation for finding the wavelength of an electron given its m and velocity?
Y(upside down)=h/mv
Why can’t it be proven why an electron aimed at a double slit forms an interference pattern?
Because an I observed electron can occupy two places at once but once you try and watch it it disappears
Is it possible to see the interference pattern while determining which slit the electron goes through?
No because once you try and determine it just shows it going through one or the other
What are complementary properties and what’s an example in quantum mechanics?
They exclude one another- the more you know about one the less you know about the other
Ex: the wave nature and particle nature of electrons
What is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle equation with the the change in x, m, change in v and pie
🔺X(m🔺v) > (or equal to) h/4pie
🔺x is the uncertainty of position
How did Heisenberg solve the problem of an object being both a particle and a wave?
He said it could be a particle or a wave but never both at once
What is a probability distribution map?
Statistical map that shows where an electron is likely to be found under a given set of conditions
What is the principle quantum number?
What is it’s symbol?
n
An integer that determines the overall size and energy of an orbital
Can be 1,2,3,4… and so on
What is the angular momentum quantum number?
What is it’s symbol?
l
An integer that determines the shape of the orbital
n-1
L= 0= s orbital 1= p orbital 2= d orbital 3= f orbital 4= g orbital
If n=3, what are all possible values of l? (Quantum numbers)
l=n-3= 2
So l can be 0,1,2
What is the magnetic quantum number?
What is it’s symbol?
ml
An integer that specifies the
orientation of the orbital
-l to +l (angular momentum number)
What is the the spin quantum number?
What is it’s symbol?
ms
Specifies the orientation of the spin of the electron
Spin up +1/2
Spin down -1/2
What are sublevels?
Orbitals with the same value of n and l
The number of sublevels is equal to n
How do you find the number of orbitals in a level?
N^2
What is the formula for finding the change in energy that occurs in an atom when an electron changes energy levels?
🔺E=-2.18x10^-18 J (1/nf^2-1/ni^2)
What is the relationship between the change in energy of an atom when an electron changes energy levels and the energy of a photon?
They are equal but negative
🔺Eatom=-Ephoton
What is a node?
Point where the wave function (trident thingy) goes through zero
In the infinity symbol the node would be the middle intersection point
What do each the s orbital, p orbital, and d orbital look like?
S- one balloon
P- two balloons
D- four balloons
What is the formula for finding the energy of an orbital with a principle quantum number?
En= -2.18x10^-18J(1/n^2)
How do we find the maximum amount of electrons released given n, l and ml?
Each sub level (ml) releases 2 electrons so if you’re given ml it’s 2 but if you’re not it means ml can be -+l which means you multiply n by the amount of possible ml numbers
