Chapter 1

Question 1

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 1

A tentative interpretation or explanation of the observations

Question 2

What does falsifiable mean?

Answer 2

Means to make predictions that can be confirmed or refuted by further observations

Question 3

What is a scientific law?

Answer 3

A brief statement that summarizes pst observations and predicts future ones

They explain how nature behaves

Question 4

What is a scientific theory?
Example?
Can theories be conclusively proven?

Answer 4

A model for the way nature is and tries to explain why

Atomic theory- atoms are made of small indivisible particles called atoms, etc

No they cannot since new observations or experiments always have the potential to reveal a flaw

Question 5

What is the scientific approach?

Answer 5

Returns to observation to test theories

Question 6

What is the order of laws theories observations experiments and hypothesis’

Answer 6

Observation-Law(can do experiments)-Hypothesis(can do experiments)-Theory(can do experiments to upgrade theory)

Question 7

What is matter?

Answer 7

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 8

What is crystalline and amorphous and what state are they in?

Answer 8

Both solid state
Crystalline- long range patterns of molecules in solids
Amorphous- no long range pattern

Question 9

What are the two types of matter?

Answer 9

Pure substances- composed of only one type of atom or molecule
Elements and compounds
Mixtures- composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules
Heterogenous mixture- composition varies from one region to another
Homogenous mixture- same composition throughout

Question 10

What’s he difference between physical and chemical changes?

Answer 10

Physical changes- alter only state or appearance, not composition
Chemical changes- alter the composition of matter

Question 11

What’s the difference between a physical property and a chemical property?

Answer 11

Physical property- one that a substance displays without changing its composition (odor, colour, taste, appearance, melting point)
Chemical property- one that a substance displays only by changing its composition via chemical change
Corrosiveness, flammability acidity

Question 12

What is energy?

What is work?

Answer 12

Energy is the capacity to do work. Work is the action of a force through a distance

Question 13

What is the total energy of an object?

Answer 13

The sum of its kinetic energy and potential energy

Question 14

What is thermal energy?

Answer 14

The energy associated with the temperature of an object

Type of kinetic energy

Question 15

What is chemical potential energy?

Answer 15

Energy that arises from the forces between the electrically charged particles (protons and electrons)

Question 16

What is the definition of mass? And weight?

Answer 16

Mass- The measure of the quantity of matter within it

Weight- the gravitational pull of the matter within it

Question 17

What is the definition of temperature?

How do you find Kelvins?

Answer 17

The measure of the amount of average kinetic energy

K=C+273.15

Question 18

What is an intensive property?

An extensive property?

Answer 18

Intensive- One that is independent of the amount of the substance
Ex: density

Extensive- one that depends on the amount you have
Ex: mass

Question 19

What units do you use for V when calculating density?

Answer 19

Anything that represents volume (L, mL, cm^3)

Just make sure that units in the bottom of your final unit g/cm^3

Question 20

What’s is the difference between accuracy and precision?

Answer 20

Accuracy- refers to how close a measured value is to the actual value
Precision- refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducible they are

Question 21

What is random error?

Answer 21

Error that has equal probability of being too high or too low

Question 22

What is systematic error?

Answer 22

Error that tends toward being either too high or too low

Question 23

What is dimensional analysis?

Answer 23

Using units as a guide to solving problems

Question 24

What is the conversion factor for litres to centimetres cubed?

Answer 24

1L = 1000cm^3