Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is a hypothesis?
A tentative interpretation or explanation of the observations
What does falsifiable mean?
Means to make predictions that can be confirmed or refuted by further observations
What is a scientific law?
A brief statement that summarizes pst observations and predicts future ones
They explain how nature behaves
What is a scientific theory?
Example?
Can theories be conclusively proven?
A model for the way nature is and tries to explain why
Atomic theory- atoms are made of small indivisible particles called atoms, etc
No they cannot since new observations or experiments always have the potential to reveal a flaw
What is the scientific approach?
Returns to observation to test theories
What is the order of laws theories observations experiments and hypothesis’
Observation-Law(can do experiments)-Hypothesis(can do experiments)-Theory(can do experiments to upgrade theory)
What is matter?
Anything that occupies space and has mass
What is crystalline and amorphous and what state are they in?
Both solid state
Crystalline- long range patterns of molecules in solids
Amorphous- no long range pattern
What are the two types of matter?
Pure substances- composed of only one type of atom or molecule
Elements and compounds
Mixtures- composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules
Heterogenous mixture- composition varies from one region to another
Homogenous mixture- same composition throughout
What’s he difference between physical and chemical changes?
Physical changes- alter only state or appearance, not composition
Chemical changes- alter the composition of matter
What’s the difference between a physical property and a chemical property?
Physical property- one that a substance displays without changing its composition (odor, colour, taste, appearance, melting point)
Chemical property- one that a substance displays only by changing its composition via chemical change
Corrosiveness, flammability acidity
What is energy?
What is work?
Energy is the capacity to do work. Work is the action of a force through a distance
What is the total energy of an object?
The sum of its kinetic energy and potential energy
What is thermal energy?
The energy associated with the temperature of an object
Type of kinetic energy
What is chemical potential energy?
Energy that arises from the forces between the electrically charged particles (protons and electrons)
What is the definition of mass? And weight?
Mass- The measure of the quantity of matter within it
Weight- the gravitational pull of the matter within it
What is the definition of temperature?
How do you find Kelvins?
The measure of the amount of average kinetic energy
K=C+273.15
What is an intensive property?
An extensive property?
Intensive- One that is independent of the amount of the substance
Ex: density
Extensive- one that depends on the amount you have
Ex: mass
What units do you use for V when calculating density?
Anything that represents volume (L, mL, cm^3)
Just make sure that units in the bottom of your final unit g/cm^3
What’s is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy- refers to how close a measured value is to the actual value
Precision- refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducible they are
What is random error?
Error that has equal probability of being too high or too low
What is systematic error?
Error that tends toward being either too high or too low
What is dimensional analysis?
Using units as a guide to solving problems
What is the conversion factor for litres to centimetres cubed?
1L = 1000cm^3
