Chapter 3

Question 1

What are ionic bonds?

Ionic compound

Answer 1

Bonds that occur between metals and non metals
Involves transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Tightly compacted atoms

Question 2

What are covalent bonds? (Molecular compound)

Answer 2

Bonds that occur between two or more non metals
Involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms

Freely moving atoms

Question 3

What are metals and non metals tendencies to lose/gain electrons?

Answer 3

Metals lose electrons (cation)

Nonmetals gain electrons (anion)

Question 4

Ionic bonds vs Covalent bonds?

Answer 4

Ionic Bond- oppositely charges ions attracted to one another

Covalent bonds- nonmetal+nonmetal - molecular compounds

Question 5

Which elements come first in a chemical formula?

Answer 5

More metallic (more positively charged) elements first

Question 6

Which type of formula communicates the most info and which communicates the least?

Answer 6

Most info- structural formula

Least info- empirical formula

Question 7

What are atomic elements vs molecular elements?

Answer 7

Atomic- elements that exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units (most elements)
Molecular- elements that exist as molecules- two or more atoms of the element bonded together (magic 7 elements are diatomic, 3 inside the 7 are pilyatomic)

Question 8

How does phosphorus and sulfur exist as states?

Answer 8

P4

S8

Question 9

What is a polyatomic ion?

Answer 9

An ion composed of two or more atoms
ClO-
CO3

Question 10

What are binary compounds and how do you name them?

Answer 10

They contain only two different elements
Name of cation + base name of anion-ide

KCl
Potassium chloride

Question 11

How do you name binary ionic compounds containing a metal that forms more than one kind of cation?

Answer 11

Ex: Fe2+ or Fe 3+

Name of cation (metal) (charge of cation in Roman numerals) + base name of anion (nonmetal) + ide

Question 12

When using oxyanions, when do we use the ending ate and ite?

Answer 12

The one with more oxygens is given ate
The one with fewer oxygens is given ite

NO3 Nitrate
NO2 Nitrite

Question 13

What are the ionic compounds called hydrates?

Answer 13

They contain a specific number of water molecules with each formula unit
MgSO4 • 7 H2O
Magnesium Sulfate heptahydrate

Question 14

What does anhydrous mean?

Answer 14

Mean without the associated water molecules in a hydrate (usually due to heating)

Question 15

What are the prefixes from 1/2-10

Answer 15

Hemi= 1/2
Mono
Di
Tri 
Tetra 
Penta
Hexa
Hepta
Octa 
Nona
Deca

Question 16

How do you name molecular compounds?

Answer 16

Prefix + name of first element + prefix + name of second element + ide

Question 17

Which elements goes forst in a molecular compound when writing it?

Answer 17

The more metal like one

Toward left and bottom of periodic table

Question 18

What are acids and how do we classify them?

Answer 18

They are molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Binary acids- composed of hydrogen and a non metal

Oxyacids- contain hydrogen and an oxy acids

Question 19

How to name binary acids?

Answer 19

Hydro + base name of nonmetal + acid

Question 20

How to name oxyacids?

Answer 20

Ending with ate- base name of oxyanion + ic + acid

Ending with ite- base name of oxyanion + ous + acid

Question 21

What is the formula mass?

Answer 21

The molar mass

Question 22

How do we find the mass percent composition of an element?

Answer 22

Mass percent of element X = molar mass of element X times (number of element X’s in the compound) / the molar mass of the compound
Then multiply that all by 100

Question 23

How many mols of Cl atoms are in CCl2F2?

Answer 23

2 mol of Cl atoms

1 mol CCl2F2 : 2 mol Cl

Question 24

When given the mass of a compound and asked to find the mass of a given element in that compound how do we solve it?

Answer 24

Mass compound -> moles compound -> moles element -> mass element

Question 25

How do we find the empirical formula given the mass of two elements?

Answer 25

Take the masses and convert the elements to moles then take the least amount of moles and divide both moles by that and you now have a ratio for the elements

Question 26

When given the percent mass of each element of a compound and asked to find the empirical formula what do you do?

Answer 26

Pretend the compound it a 100g sample and each percent is grams of the sample then use that data to find the moles

Question 27

How do you find n ( the number to multiply all the subscripts in an empirical formula to find the molecular formula)

Answer 27

N= molar mass/ empirical molar mass

Question 28

How do you find an empirical formula using combustion analysis?

Answer 28

Use the given masses of the combustion products and mass of sample to convert mass of CO2 and H2O to moles then convert those moles to moles of C and H and if the compound contains any other elements besides H and C subtract H and C from it to find the mass of it

Question 29

What is a combustion reaction?

Answer 29

A particular type of reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to form one or more oxygen- containing compounds
Also emits heat
Ends with CO2 and H2O