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Chem 112 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do the coefficients in a chemical reaction specify?

A

The relative amounts of moles of each of the substances

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2
Q

How do you solve an equation that gives you a certain mass of a starting product and asks for the end result mass of another product?

A

Convert first product to moles, use mole ration of two compounds to find moles of the end compound, find mass of end compound using molar mass

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3
Q

What is the theoretical yield?

A

The amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the amount of the limiting reactant

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4
Q

What is the actual yield?

A

The amount of product produced after it undergoes a real experiment

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5
Q

What is the percent yield?

A

The actual yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100

It is the percentage of the theoretical yield that was actually attained

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6
Q

Why is an aqueous solution?

A

A substance in which water acts as the solvent

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7
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

A solution that contains a small amount of solute relative to the solvent

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8
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

One that contains a large amount of solute relative to the solvent

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9
Q

What’s is molarity (M)

A

The way to express a solutions concentration

Amount of solute (mols) divided by volume in solution (L)

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10
Q

What is the solution solution equation with molarity and volume

A

M1V1=M2V2

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11
Q

Does the number of mols change when diluting a solution?

A

No

M1V1=M2V2
Mols1=Mols2

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12
Q

What are electrolytes

A

Substances that dissolve in water to form solutions that conduct electricity

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13
Q

What are strong electrolytes?

A

Substances that completely dissociate into ions when they dissolve

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14
Q

What are nonelectrolytes?

A

Compounds that do not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water

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15
Q

What are acids?

What’s a strong acid? Weak acid?

A

Molecular compounds that ionize when they dissolve in water

A strong acid completely ionizes in a solution
Weak acids do not completely ionize

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16
Q

What are the 6 general solubility rules? IN ORDER

A
  1. All Na, K, Li, and NH4 salts are soluble
  2. All nitrates (NO3) and acetate (C2H3O2) salts are soluble
  3. Ag, Pb, and Hg(I) salts are insoluble
  4. Chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble
  5. Carbonates, sulfides, phosphates, oxides, and hydroxides are insoluble
  6. Sulfates are soluble except for Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ag salts
17
Q

What type of compounds form precipitates?

A

ONLY INSOLUBLE COMPOUNDS

18
Q

If all possible products are soluble when determining a precipitate reaction, what do you write after the arrow?

A

No reaction

19
Q

What do acids produce in a solution? What about bases?

A

Acids- H+ or H3O

Bases- OH-

20
Q

What are some common acids and names?

A 
HCl- hydrochloric acid
HBr- hydrobromic acid
HI- hydroiodic acid
HNO3- nitric acid
H2SO4- sulfuric acid
HClO4- perchloric acid
HCHO2- formic acid
HC2H3O2- acetic acid
HF- hydrofluoric acid
21
Q

What are some common bases and names?

A 
NaOH- sodium hydroxide
LiOH- lithium hydroxide 
KOH- potassium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2- calcium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2- barium hydroxide
NH3- ammonia
22
Q

When a base and an acid combine what will they always produce?

A

H2O + compound (salt)

Acid + base -> water + salt

23
Q

What are the main types of compounds that form gases in aqueous reactions?

A

Sulfides - H2S gas’s produced
Carbonates and bicarbonates- CO2 has produced
Sulfites and bisulfites - SO2 gas produced
Ammonium- NH3 gas produced

24
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

The reaction of a substance with O2 to form one or more oxygen containing compounds

25
Q

What is a gas evolution reaction?

A

Aqueous reactions that form gas when two solutions are mixed

26
Q

Do all gas evolution reactions form gas directly?

A

No sometime they produce an intermediate compound that when broken up equals the gas and water (H2O)

Chem 112 (11 decks)

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