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Esthetics > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Acid mantle

A

Protective barrier of lipids and secretions on the surface of the skin

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2
Q

Acid alkali neutralization reactions

A

When an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions to neutralize each other and form water and a salt

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3
Q

Acids

A

Substances that have a ph below 7.0, taste sour and turn litmus paper from blue to red

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4
Q

Air

A

Gaseous mixture that makes up the earths atmosphere. Odorless, colorless, and generally consists of about 1 part oxygen and 4 parts nitrogen by volume

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5
Q

Alkalis

A

Also known as bases: compounds that react with acids to form salts, have a ph above 7(neutral) taste bitter, and turn litmus paper from red to blue

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6
Q

Anion

A

Ion with a negative electrical charge

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7
Q

Antioxidants

A

Used to stabilize skin care products by preventing oxidation that would cause a product to turn rancid and decompose. They are vitamins A, C, and E which can applied topically in products or taken internally to increase healthy body functions

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8
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest chemical components (particles) of an element that still retains the properties of that element

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9
Q

Cation

A

Ion with a positive electrical charge

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10
Q

Chemical change

A

Change in the chemical properties of a substance that is the result of a chemical reaction in which a new substance or substances are formed that have properties different from the original

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11
Q

Chemical compounds

A

Combinations of 2 or more atoms of different elements united chemically with a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions and distinct properties

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12
Q

Chemical properties

A

Those characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the identity of the substance

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13
Q

Chemistry

A

Science that deals with the composition, structures and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

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14
Q

Combustion

A

Rapid oxidation of any substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

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15
Q

Compound molecules

A

(Compounds) a chemical combination of 2 or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions

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16
Q

Elemental molecules

A

Molecule containing 2 or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions

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17
Q

Emulsions

A

An unstable physical mixture of 2 or more immiscible substances(substances that normally won’t stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

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18
Q

Free radicals

A

Unstable molecules that cause inflammation, disease and biochemical aging in the body, especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin. Free radicals are super oxidizers that cause an oxidation reaction and produce a new free radical in the process that are created by highly reactive atoms or molecules (often oxygen)

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19
Q

Gases

A

Matter without a definite shape or size.no fixed volume or shape. Takes the shape of its container

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20
Q

Hydrogen

A

Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas… the lightest element known

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21
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen, a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and a slightly acid taste

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22
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Easily absorbs moisture..in chemistry terms, capable of combining with or attracting water (water loving)

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23
Q

Hydroxide

A

An anion ( an ion with a negative electrical charge) with one oxygen and one hydrogen atom

24
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquids that can’t be mixed together to form stable solutions

25
Q

Inorganic chemistry

A

The study of substances that don’t contain carbon, but may contain hydrogen

26
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

27
Q

Ionization

A

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive or negative ions

28
Q

Lipophilic

A

An attraction to fat and oils (oil loving)

29
Q

Liquids

A

Matter that has volume, no definite shape and will take shape of its container, such as water

30
Q

Logarithmic scale

A

A method of displaying data in multiples of ten

31
Q

Matter

A

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

32
Q

Miscible

A

Capable of being mixed; liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

33
Q

Molecule

A

Chemical combination of 2 or more atoms

34
Q

Nitrogen

A

colorless gaseous element that makes up about four fifths of the air in our atmosphere and is found chiefly in ammonia and nitrates

35
Q

Oil in water emulsion (O/W)

A

Oil droplets dispersed in a water with the aid of an emulsifying agent

36
Q

Organic chemistry

A

Study of substances that contain carbon

37
Q

Oxidation

A

Either the addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen; a chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide

38
Q

Oxidation reduction

A

Aka redox; chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxygized

39
Q

Oxidize

A

To combine or cause a substance to combine with oxygen

40
Q

Oxygen

A

The most abundant element on earth

41
Q

pH

A

Potential hydrogen; relative degree of acidity and alkalinity of a substance. PH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

42
Q

PH scale

A

A measure of acidity and alkalinity of a substance: the scale has a range from 0-14. 7 is neutral. Below 7 is acidic, above 7 is alkaline

43
Q

Physical change

A

Change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the formation of a new substance

44
Q

Physical mixtures

A

Combination of 2 or more substances united physically, not chemically, without a fixed composition and in any proportions

45
Q

Physical properties

A

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that don’t cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance

46
Q

Redox reactions

A

Chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized.

47
Q

Reduction

A

Process when oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is deed to a substance thru a chemical reaction

48
Q

Solids

A

A state of matter that is rigid with a definite size and shape, such as ice

49
Q

Solute

A

A substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution

50
Q

Solutions

A

A uniform mixture of 2 or more mutually miscible substances.

51
Q

Solvent

A

A substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution

52
Q

States of matter

A

3 different physical forms of matter : solid, liquid, gas

53
Q

Surfactants

A

(Surface active agent) reduce surface tension between the skin and the product to increase product spreadability.; allow water and oil to mix, or emulsify

54
Q

Suspensions

A

Unstable mixtures of 3 or more miscible substances

55
Q

Water

A

Most abundant of all substances, comprising about 75% of the earths surface and about 65% of the human body

56
Q

Water in oil emulsion (W/O)

A

Droplets of water dispersed in an oil

Esthetics (8 decks)

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