Chapter 7

Question 1

Early childhood

Answer 1

Ages 2-6
◦Period of great curiosity, cognitive growth
◦Motor skills being perfected
◦Vocabulary multiplies quickly
◦Independence, sense of self-efficacy established

Question 2

Avoiding

Answer 2

Children learn through their senses
**Most kids love to explore messy substances
• Some are more sensitive (avoiding)
•May not like light touch (tactile defensive)

Question 3

Seeking

Answer 3

Children learn through their senses
**Most kids love to explore messy substances
• Some are more sensitive (avoiding)
•May not like light touch (tactile defensive)

• Or less sensitive (seeking)
• May appear clumsy
• May seem aggressive or inattentive

Question 4

Dr visits

Answer 4

Eye exams 3-4 yo

◦Auditory can be impaired by colds, ear infections

Question 5

Otolaryngologist

Answer 5

ENT

Question 6

Developmental Coordination D/O

Answer 6

◦5% of kids
◦Poor FM, GM skills
◦Inc risk of social problems in Elem School
◦Followed closely by Psychologists

Question 7

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 7

Deficits in social communication and social interaction
◦Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
◦Hyper-or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of environment
◦Current estimates by CDC (2015) I in 68 children have autism
◦Impact on finances, social relationships, stress levels and family QOL

Question 8

Areas of occupation impacted by autism spectrum disorder

Answer 8

Areas of occupation impacted by ASD
◦Play
◦Leisure
◦Social Participation
◦Education
◦Sleep
◦ADL (Case-Smith & O’Brien, 2015)
-------------------------------------------------
◦IADL
◦Work

Question 9

Feeding

Answer 9

Young kids need snacks to keep blood sugar from dipping

◦Need healthy food- junk food contributing to skyrocketing obesity rates

Question 10

Symptoms of food allergies:

Answer 10

◦Hives, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping, swelling of throat, lips, tongue
◦Flushing, itching, plunging blood pressure (paleness), loss of consciousness

Question 11

Most common allergies

Answer 11

Milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish

Question 12

Treatment for food allergies

Answer 12

Treatment: mild case- Benadryl
if more than 1 system involved: EpiPen,
call 911! Do NOT take “wait and see
approach”

Question 13

Cognition

Answer 13

Cognition:
Piaget: Preoperational Thought
◦Ages 2-7
◦Use of symbols- stand for something else
◦Trouble with conservation due to limitations with reasoning and thinking

Question 14

Definitions relevant to Piaget’s Preoperational Thought

Answer 14

◦Centration- cannot attend to more than 1 feature

◦Conservation- quantity or amount is same regardless if change in shape or position

Nonreversibility- can not undo order of operations

◦Egocentrism- lack awareness that there are viewpoints other than their own

Question 15

◦Centration-

Answer 15

cannot attend to more than 1 feature

Question 16

Conservation-

Answer 16

quantity or amount is same regardless if change in shape or position

Question 17

Nonreversibility-

Answer 17

can not undo order of operations

Question 18

Egocentrism-

Answer 18

lack awareness that there are viewpoints other than their own

Question 19

Cognitive Development: How do children learn?

Answer 19

◦Multiple intelligences

◦Must teach to different strengths and weaknesses

Question 20

Multiple intelligences: Integrating into teaching methods

Answer 20

◦Use variety of methods:
◦Work in small groups (interpersonal) to gather info, brainstorm (verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical)

◦Create music and jingles to memorize key info (musical/rhythmic, body/kinesthetic)

◦Reflect, write in a journal (intrapersonal)

Question 21

Music is important for:

Answer 21

• brain development
  
  • enhances multiple intelligences
  • facilitates bonding
  • builds social/emotional skills
  • enhances motor development
  • enhances memory retention

Question 22

Theory of the Mind

Answer 22

◦Develops after age 4

◦Before age 4, children cannot understand that others may have different beliefs

◦Candy box test

Question 23

Moral norms have 3 characteristics

Answer 23

◦Generalize to all situations
◦Last beyond situations and conditions that engender them
◦Linked to feelings of autonomy

Question 24

Early Childhood Summary

Answer 24

◦Rapid growth and increased self care skills, independence
◦Beginning socialization, roles, self-esteem rooted
◦Focus on physical aspects of play, refining perceptual skills, reading and writing
◦Still egocentric