Chapter 7 Flashcards
Learning is defined as “the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring :
Information or behaviors
Two forms of associative learning are:
Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning
classical conditioning, in which the organism associates :
two or more stimuli
Operant conditioning, in which the organism associates a :
Response and consequence
In Pavlov’s experiments, the tone started as a neutral stimulus and then became a :
Conditioned Stimulus
Dog’s have been taught to salivate to a circle but not to a square. This process is an example of:
Discrimination
After Watson and Rayner classically conditioned Little Albert to fear a white rat, the child later showed fear in response to a rabbit, a dog and a sealskin coat. This illustrates:
Generalization
Hornlike’s law of effect was the basis for ________ on operant conditioning and behavior control.
Skinner’s
One way to change behavior is to reward natural behaviors in small steps, as the organism gets closer and closer toa desired behavior. This process is called:
Shaping
Reinforcing a desired response only some of the times if occurs is called ___________ reinforcements.
Partial
A restaurant is running a special deal. After you buy four meals at full price, your fifth meal will be free. This is an example of a :
Fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement.
The partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after unpredictable time periods is a :
Variable -interval schedule.
A medieval proverb notes that “a burnt child dreads the fire”. In operant conditioning, the burning would be an example of a ………
Punisher
Garcia and Koelling’s __________-________ studies showed that conditioning can occur even when the unconditioned stimulus(US) does not immediately follow the neutral stimulus.
Taste-Aversion
Evidence that cognitive processes play an important role in learning comes in part from studies in which rats
develop cognitive maps.
