Chapter 5

Question 1

The three major issues that interest developmental psychologists are Nature/ nurture, stability/change, and ….

Answer 1

Continuity/stages

Question 2

although development is lifelong, there is stability of personality over time, for example:

Answer 2

temperament tends to remain stable throughout life.

Question 3

body organs first begin to form and function during the period of the ……..

Answer 3

Embryo

Question 4

Within the 6 months during the period of the _______, the organs are sufficiently functional to allow a good chance of survival.

Answer 4

Fetus

Question 5

Chemicals that pass through the placenta’s screen and may harm an embryo or fetus are called…

Answer 5

Teratogens

Question 6

Stroke a newborns cheek and the infant will root for a nipple. This illustrates:

Answer 6

A reflex

Question 7

Between ages 3 and 6, the human experiences the greatest growth in the _________ lobes, which enable rational planning and aid memory.

Answer 7

Frontal

Question 8

Motor-skill development is:

Answer 8

the Sequence but not the timing, is universal.

Question 9

Why can’t we consciously recall how we learned to walk when we were infants?

Answer 9

we have no conscious memories of events occurring before about age 3 and half, in part because major brain areas have not yet matured.

Question 10

why young children are not just miniature adults in the way they think:

Answer 10

Sensory motor stage tends to be focused only on their own perceptions. Proportional stage is still egocentric and incapable of appreciating simple logic such as the reversibility of operations. Concrete operational stage is beginning to think logically about concrete events but not about abstract concepts.

Question 11

Although Piaget’s stage theory continues to inform our understanding of children’s thinking, many researchers believe that:

Answer 11

Piagets stages begin earlier and Development is more continuous than he realized.

Question 12

An 8 month old infant who reacts to a new babysitter by crying and clinging to his fathers shoulder os showing

Answer 12

stranger anxiety

Question 13

In a series of experiments, the Harlow’s found that monkeys raised with artificial mothers tended when afraid to cling to their cloth mother, rather than to a wire mother holding the feeding bottle. Why was this finding important?

Answer 13

Before these studies many psychologists believed that infants became attached to those who nourished them.

Question 14

Adolescence is marked by onset of :

Answer 14

Puberty

Question 15

According to Piaget, a person who can think logically about abstractions is in the :

Answer 15

Formal Operations stage.

Question 16

In Erikson’s stages, the primary task during adolescence is :

Answer 16

Forging an identity.

Question 17

Some developmental psychologists now refer to the period that occurs in some Western cultures from age 18 to the mid-twenties and beyond(up to the time of full adult independence) as :

Answer 17

Emerging adulthood.

Question 18

By age 65, a person would be most likely experience a cognitive decline in the ability to :

Answer 18

recall and list all the important terms and concepts in a chapter.

Question 19

How do cross-sectional and longitudinal studies differ?

Answer 19

Cross-sectional studies compare of different ages. longitudinal studies restudy and reset the same people over a long period of time.

Question 20

Freud defined the healthy adult as one who is able to love and work. Erik son agreed, observing that the adult struggles to attain intimacy and ______.

Answer 20

Generativity

Question 21

Contrary to what many people assume….

Answer 21

People of all ages report similar levels of happiness.