Chapter 2 Flashcards
The Neuron fiber that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles and glands is the ____.
AXON
The tiny space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another is called the _______.
Synaptic Gap.
Regarding a neuron’s response to stimulation, the intensity of the stimulus determines:
whether or not an impulse is generated.
In sending neuron, when action potential reaches an axon terminal, the impulse triggers the release of chemical messengers called ___________.
Neurotransmitters.
Endorphins are released in the brain in response to…
Pain or vigorous exercise.
The word Autonomic means:
Self-regulating.
The sympathetic nervous system arouses us for action and the parasympathetic nervous system calm us down, together, the two systems make up the ___________ system.
Autonomic.
Neurons of the spinal cord are part of the _______ nervous system.
Central
The most influential endocrine gland, known as the master gland, is the _________.
Pituitary.
The ______ _______ secret epinephrine and norepinephrine, helping to arouse the body during times of stress.
Ardenal Glands.
The part of the brain stream that controls heartbeat and breathing is the _________.
Medulla.
The thalamus functions as a ________.
Sensory control center.
The lower brain structure that governs arousal is the ________.
Reticular information.
The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement and enables nonverbal learning and memory is the ________.
Cerebellum.
Two parts of the limbic system are the amygdala and the _______.
Hippocampus.
A cat’s ferocious response to electrical brain stimulation would lead you to suppose the electrode had touched the __________.
Amygdala.
The neural structure that most directly regulates eating, drinking, and body temperature is the ________.
Hypothalamus.
The initial reward center discovered by Olds and Milner was located in the _________.
Hypothalamus.
If a neurosurgeon stimulated your right motor cortex, you would most likely _________.
move your left leg.
How do you different neural networks communicate with one another to let you respond when a friend greets you at a party?
The Visual cortex is a neural network of sensory neurons connected via interneurons to other neural networks, including auditory networks.
Which of the following body regions has the greatest representation in the somatosensory cortex?
Lips.
Judging and planning are enabled by the ______ lobes.
Frontal.
What would it be like to talk on the phone if you didn’t have temporal lobe association areas? What would you hear? What would you understand?
You would hear sounds, but without the temporal lobe association areas you would be unable to make sense of what you were hearing.
The “uncommitted” areas that make up about three-fourths of the cerebral cortex are called ______ _______.
Association areas.
Plasticity is especially evident in the brains of _______.
Young children.
Studies of people with split brains and brain scans of those with undivided brains indicate that the left hemisphere excels in _______.
Processing language.
Damage to the brain’s right hemisphere is most likely to reduce a person’s ability to _______.
Make inferences.
