Chapter 1 Flashcards
______ ____ refers to our tendency to perceive events as obvious or inevitable after the fact.
Hindsight Bias
As Scientists, Psychologists….
are willing to ask questions and to reject claims that cannot be verified by research.
How can Critical thinking help you evaluate claims in the media?
It examines assumptions, appraises the source. discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions.
Theory-based predictions are called ________.
Hypotheses
__________ is not used to observe and describe behavior.
Correlational Research.
A _________ ___________ is when a study finds that more childbirth training classes women attend, the less pain medication they require during childbirth.
Negative Correlation
A _______ provides a visual representation of the direction and the strength of a relationship between two variables.
Scatterplot
In a _______ Correlation, the scores rise and fall together; in a _______ correlation, one score falls as the other rises.
Positive; Negative.
What is regression toward the mean, and how can it influence our interpretation of events.
Is a statistical phenomenon.
Knowing that two events are correlated provides:
A basis for prediction
To explain behaviors and clarify cause and effect, psychologists use _________.
Experiments
To test a drug on depression, we randomly assign people to control and experimental groups those in the group take a pill contains no medication. This a _____.
Placebo
In a double-blind procedure:
Neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the experimental group or control group.
A researcher wants to determine whether noise level affects workers blood pressure. In one group, she varies the level house in the environment and records participants blood pressure. In this experiments the level noise is the _____ ______.
Independent Variable.
The laboratory environment is designed to:
Re-create psychological forces under controlled conditions.
in defending their experimental research with animals psychologists have noted that….
Animals tells us about our own behavior, Animals experimentation helps humans, Advancing the well being of humans justifies animal experimentation.
Which of the three measures of central tendency is most easily distorted by a few very large or very small scores?
The mean.
The standard deviation is the most useful measure of variation in a set of data because it tells us….
How much individual scores differ from the mean.
Another name for a bell-shaped distribution, in which most scores fall near the middle and fewer scores fall at each extreme, is a _______ _____.
Normal Curve.
When sample averages are _______ and the difference between them is ________, we can say the difference has statical significance.
Reliable; Large.
