Chapter 6 Flashcards
Sensation is to :
Bottom-up processing
Perception is to :
Top-down processing
This process by which we organize and interpret sensory information is called:
Perception
Subliminal stimuli are
Below our absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
Another term for difference threshold is the:
just noticeable difference
Weber’s law states that for a difference to be perceived, two stimuli must differ by:
A constant minimum percentage.
Sensory adaptation helps us focus on
important changes in the environment
Our perceptual set influences what we perceive. This mental tendency reflects our:
Experiences, assumptions and expectations.
The characteristic of light that determines the color we experience, such as blue or green is
wavelength
The blind spot in your retina is located where
the optic nerve leaves the eye.
Cones are the eyes receptor cells hat are especially sensitive to __________ lights, and are responsible for our __________ Vision.
Bright; color
The amplitude of a light wave is located where
the optic nerve leaves the eye.
two theories together account for color vision. The young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory shows that the eye contains __________.
Three types of color receptors.
The opponent- process theory accounts for the nervous system’s having __________.
Opponent-process cells.
what mental process allows you to perceive a lemon as yellow?
your Brain constructs this perception of color in 2 stages.
The cells in the visual cortex that respond to certain lines, edges and angles are :
Feature detectors
The brain;s ability to process many aspects of an object or a problem simultaneously is called ___________.
parallel processing.
Our tendencies to fill in the gaps and to perceive a pattern as continuous are two different examples of the organizing principle called:
Grouping
In listening to a concert you attend to the solo instrument and perceive the orchestra as accompaniment, this illustrates the organizing principle of:
Figure-ground
The visual cliff experiments suggest that
crawling human infants and very young animals perceive depth.
Depth perception underlines our ability to :
Judge Distances
Two examples of ___________ depth cues are interposition and lineas prespective.
Monocular
Perceiving a tomato as consistently red, despite lighting shifts, is an example of:
Perceptual Constancy
After surgery to restore vision, patients who had been blind from birth had difficulty:
Recognizing objects by sight.
In experiments, people have worn glasses that turned their visual fields upside down.After a period of adjustment, they learned to function quite well. This ability is called :
Perceptual adaptation.
The snail-shaped tube in the inner ear, where sound waves are converted into neural activity is called the :
Cochlea.
What are the basic steps in transforming sound waves into perceived sound?
The outer ear collects sound waves, which are translated into mechanical waves by the middle ear and turned into fluid waves in the inner ear.
What theory explains how we hear high-pitched sounds?
Place Theory
What theory explains how we hear low-pitched sounds?
Frequency theory
The gate-control theory of pain proposes that
Small spinal cord nerve fibers conduct most pain signals, bur large fiber activity can close access to those pain signals.
How does the biopsychosocial approach explain our experience of pain?
Pain is influenced by biological factors, psychological factors, and social cultural factors.
we have specialized nerve receptors for detecting which five tastes? how did this ability aid our ancestors?
we have specialized receptors for detecting sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami tastes.
What is our sense of body position and movement?
Kinesthesia
What specifically monitors our heads movement, with sensors in the inner ear?
Vestibular sense
Why do you feel a little dizzy immediately after a roller coaster ride?
Your vestibular sense regulates balance and body positioning through kinesthetic receptors triggered by fluid in your inner ear.
A food’s aroma can greatly enhance its taste. This is an example of:
Sensory interaction.
Which of the following ESP phenomena is supported by solid, replicable scientific evidence?
Not telepathy, precognition, nor clairvoyance
