Chapter 7, 4 Terms

Question 1

The belief that a church council has authority over all church members, including the
pope. The Councils of Constance and Pisa were triumphs for conciliarism.

Answer 1

Conciliarism

Question 2

Muslim empire, founded by the fourteenth-century warrior, Othman. The Ottoman
“Turks” eventually ruled the area now known as Turkey. In 1453, they conquered Constantinople, the
Eastern Empire’s last stronghold. The Eastern scholars who fled to Europe from Constantinople helped
to trigger the Renaissance.

Answer 2

Ottoman Empire

Question 3

The Renaissance was a fifteenth-century revival of interest in ancient languages and in the humanities. Renaissance writers were called “humanists” because they focused on practical human actions instead of Scholastic logic.

Answer 3

Renaissance Humanism:

Question 4

This tribunal—formed in 1479 by King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella—tortured, burned, and exiled thousands of Jews, Muslims, and heretics. Contemporary Roman Catholics have condemned the Inquisitors’ methods.

Answer 4

Spanish Inquisition