Chapter 5, 5 Terms

Question 1

From the Greek monothelos (“One-Will”). One-Will thinkers taught that Jesus had two natures, but only his divine nature could make choices. In AD 681the Third Council of Constantinople affirmed that Jesus had two wills - one human, one divine. But, they added, his two wills never disagreed.

Answer 1

Monotheletism

Question 2

A document, forged around AD 800, which claimed Constantive gave the pope power over all other bishops, as well as large portions of Italy.

Answer 2

The Donation of Constantine

Question 3

The title which, in theory, made someone the heir of the ancient Roman emperors and the ruler of the Western Empire. In reality, Holy Roman Emperors only ruled portions of central Europe. German kings possessed the title from AD 962 until 1806, when Napoleon abolished it.

Answer 3

Holy Roman Emperor

Question 4

Heretical sect, named after Albi, the French town where they arose. Also called “Chathars” (“Pure Ones”). Condemned by the Fourth Lateran Council for their Gnostic teachings.

Answer 4

Albigensians

Question 5

Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox belief that the Lord’s Supper elements become Jesus’ body and blood, even though their outer appearance never changes.

Answer 5

Transubstantiation