Chapter 7 (4) Flashcards
The most frequent type of drug-food interaction is food:
Affecting the gastrointestinal absorption of drugs
Food in the gastrointestinal tract affects drug absorption by:
Altering gastric emptying time
Food can alter the pH of the stomach, leading to:
Altered drug bioavailability
Fasting for an extended period can:
Cause vasoconstriction, leading to decreased drug absorption
Tetracycline needs to be given on an empty stomach because it chelates with:
All of the above
A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet may:
Increase drug-metabolizing enzymes
Grapefruit juice contains furanocoumarins that have been found to:
Inhibit CYP 3A4, leading to decreased first-pass metabolism of drugs
Cruciferous vegetables may alter drug pharmacokinetics by:
Inducing CYP 1A2, possibly leading to therapeutic failure of drugs metabolized by
CYP 1A2
Milk and other foods that alkalinize the urine may:
Result in basic drugs being reabsorbed in the renal tubule
Antacids such as calcium carbonate (Tums) can reduce the absorption of which of the following nutrients?
Iron
Phenytoin decreases folic acid absorption by:
Inhibiting intestinal enzymes required for folic acid absorption
Patients taking warfarin need to be educated about the vitamin K content of foods to avoid therapeutic failure. Foods high in vitamin K that should be limited to no more than one serving per day include:
Spinach
The American Dietetic Association has recommended the use of specific nutritional supplements in the following population(s):
400 IU per day of vitamin D in all infants and children
The American Dietetic Association recommends pregnant women take a supplement including:
600 mcg/day of folic acid
The American Heart Association and the American Dietetic Association recommend a minimum daily fiber intake of _____ for cardiovascular health:
25 mg/day
Which of the following vitamin or mineral supplements may by teratogenic if a pregnant woman takes more than the recommended amount?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) may be prescribed to:
Reduce headaches and migraines
Isoniazid (INH) may induce a deficiency of which vitamin?
B6
Pregnant patients who are taking isoniazid (INH) should take 25 mg/day of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to prevent:
Peripheral neuropathy
Smokers are at risk for vitamin C deficiency. It is recommended that smokers take _____ vitamin
35 mg/day more than nonsmokers
Vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to:
Numbness and tingling of the hands
There is strong evidence to support that adequate vitamin C intake prevents:
Scurvy
Adequate vitamin D is needed for:
All of the above
Newborns are at risk for early vitamin K deficiency bleeding and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all newborns receive:
IM vitamin K (phytonadione) within 24 hours of birth
Symptoms of folate deficiency include:
Glossitis
A patient with a new onset of systolic ejection murmur should be assessed for which nutritional deficiency?
Folate
According to the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study of dietary intake, the group at highest risk for inadequate calcium intake was:
Teenage females
Patients with iron deficiency will develop:
Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
There is evidence that dietary supplementation or adequate intake of fish oils and omega-3 fatty acids have well-documented:
Anti-inflammatory effects
There is enough preliminary evidence to recommend that children with autism receive which supplemental nutrient?
Omega-3 fatty acids
There is sufficient evidence to support the use of omega-3 fatty acids to treat the following disease(s):
Autism
It is reasonable to recommend supplementation with _____ in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Plant sterols
Probiotics are recommended to be co-administered when _____ are prescribed:
Antibiotics
It is reasonable to add _____ to a Helicobacter pylori treatment regimen to improve eradication rates of H. pylori.
Probiotics
