Chapter 18 (3) Flashcards
Both men and women experience bone loss with aging. The bones most likely to demonstrate significant loss are:
Femoral neck bones
Bisphosphonates treat or prevent osteoporosis by:
Inhibiting osteoclastic activity
Prophylactic use of bisphosphonates is recommended for patients with early osteopenia related to long-term use of which of the following drugs?
Glucocorticoids
Patients with cystic fibrosis are often prescribed enzyme replacement for pancreatic secretions. Each
replacement drug has lipase, protease, and amylase components, but the drug is prescribed in units of:
Lipase
Brands of pancreatic enzyme replacement drugs are:
About the same in cost per unit of lipase across brands
When given subcutaneously, how long until neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin begins to take effect (onset of action) after administration?
60 to 90 minutes
Hypoglycemia can result from the action of either insulin or an oral hypoglycemic. Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
Dizziness, confusion, diaphoresis, and tachycardia
Nonselective beta blockers and alcohol create serious drug interactions with insulin because they:
Mask the signs and symptoms of altered glucose levels
Lispro is an insulin analogue produced by recombinant DNA technology. Which of the following statements about this form of insulin is NOT true?
Duration of action is increased when the dose is increased.
The decision may be made to switch from twice daily neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin to insulin glargine to improve glycemia control throughout the day. If this is done:
The initial dose of glargine is reduced by 20% to avoid hypoglycemia.
When blood glucose levels are difficult to control in type 2 diabetes some form of insulin may be
added to the treatment regimen to control blood glucose and limit complication risks. Which of the following statements is accurate based on research?
Newer premixed insulins are better at lowering HbA1C and postprandial glucose levels than long-acting insulins
Metformin is a primary choice of drug to treat hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes because it:
Decreases glycogenolysis by the liver
Prior to prescribing metformin, the provider should:
Draw a serum creatinine to assess renal function
The action of “gliptins” is different from other antidiabetic agents because they:
Act on the incretin system to indirectly increase insulin production
Sitagliptin has been approved for:
Both 1 and 2
GLP-1 agonists:
Directly bind to a receptor in the pancreatic beta cell
Avoid concurrent administration of exenatide with which of the following drugs?
All of the above
Administration of exenatide is by subcutaneous injection:
60 minutes prior to the morning and evening meal
Potentially fatal granulocytopenia has been associated with treatment of hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil. Patients should be taught to report:
Fever and sore throat
Elderly patients who are started on levothyroxine for thyroid replacement should be monitored for:
Tachycardia and angina
Which of the following is not an indication that growth hormone supplements should be discontinued?
Complaints of mild bone pain
Besides osteoporosis, IV bisphosphonates are also indicated for:
Paget’s Disease
What is the role of calcium supplements when patients take bisphosphonates?
They must be taken in sufficient amounts to provide foundational elements for bone growth.
Which of the following statements about pancreatic enzymes is true?
Dosing may be titrated according to the decrease of steatorrhea.
