Chapter 7 Flashcards
Inventor of interchangeable parts and the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
Standardized parts that can be used in place of one another
Interchangeable Parts
The making of goods in large amounts
Mass Production
A change in the making of goods from small workshops to large factories that used machines
Industrial Revolution
Eli Whitney’s invention for cleaning cotton
Cotton gin
Speaker of the House of Representatives and political leader from Kentucky
Henry Clay
Clay’s plan for economic development
American System
A federally funded road, stretching from Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois
National Road
Canal that connected the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean
Erie Canal
A protective tariff designed to help American industries
Tariff of 1816
Supreme Court case that denied Maryland the right to tax the Bank of the United States
McColloch v. Maryland
Sixth president of the United States
John Quincy Adams
A belief that national interests as a whole should be more important than what one region wants
Nationalism
Treaty that secure the purchase of Florida from Spain
Adams-Onís Treaty
Warning to Europeans nations not to interfere in the Americas
Monroe Doctrine
Agreement that temporarily settled the issue of slavery in the territories
Missouri Compromise
Military hero and seventh president
Andrew Jackson
Party started by Jackson’s followers
Democratic-Republican Party
System in which incoming political parties throw out former government workers and replace them with their own friends
Spoils System
Law that forced Native Americans to move west
Indian Removal Act
Path the Cherokee were forced to travel from Georgia to Indian Territory
Trail of Tears
Vice-President and congressional leader from South Carolina
John C. Calhoun
Henry Clay’s name for an 1828 tariff increase
Tariff of Abominations
A Senate leader from Massachusetts
Daniel Webster
National bank established by Congress first in 1791 and then in 1816
Bank of the United States
Political party formed in 1834 to oppose policies of Andrew Jackson
Whig Party
Eight president
Martin van Buren
A series of financial failures that led to an economic depression
Panic of 1837
Ninth president
William Henry Harrison
Tenth president
John Tyler
How did the agricultural systems in the North and South differ?
The North had more factories and the South more plantations.
How did the American System help strengthen the nation’s sense of unity?
It developed the national transportation system, fro example the National Road, and created the Tariff of 1816 that eventually made American goods more attractive.
In what ways did the Supreme Court boost federal power?
Two Supreme Court cases helped boost federal power: McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden. The first case established that states cannot pass laws that end up overturning laws passed by Congress. The second case established that Congress has the power to regulate interstate trade.
What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
To keep European nations out of American territories.
How did Missouri Compromise help settle the issue of slavery in the Western territories?
It settled Main as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.
How did the voting population grow?
Most of the states facilitated the requirements a citizen had to vote.
How did Jackson show his commitment to the common people once in office?
He removed about 10% of federal workers from their jobs and gave them to the common people.
How did the removal of Native Americans cause a rift between the executive and judicial branches?
The president refused to obey the Court’s ruling. Instead, federal agents signed a treaty with a group of Cherokee leaders.
Why did South Carolina threaten to leave the union?
It declared the tariff of 1830 invalid.
What was a political consequence of Jackson’s fight against the national bank?
The creation of the Whig Party
What helped caused the nation’s depression during the Van Buren presidency?
The failure of many banks Jackson had put money during the bank fight.
