Chapter 7 Flashcards
- Attributions
a. Process of assigning causes to things that happen
- Behavioral Activation Treatment
a. Treatment for depression in which the patient and the therapist work together to help the patient find ways to become more active and engaged with life
- Bipolar Disorder with a Seasonal Pattern
a. Bipolar disorder with recurrences in particular seasons of the year
- Bipolar Disorders
a. Mood disorders in which a person experiences both manic and depressive episodes
- Bipolar I Disorder
a. A form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both manic (or mixed) episodes and major depressive episodes
- Bipolar II Disorder
a. A form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
a. Therapy base don altering dysfunctional thoughts and cognitive distortions
- Cyclothymic Disorder
a. Mild mood disorder characterized by cyclical periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms
- Depression
a. Emotional state characterized by extraordinary sadness and dejection
- Double Depression
a. This condition is diagnosed when a person with dysthymia has a superimposed major depressive episode
- Dysfunctional Beliefs
a. Negative beliefs that are rigid, extreme, and counterproductive
- Persistent Depressive Disorder
a. Also known as dysthymic disorder. A new DSM-5 disorder that involves long-standing depressed mood (2 years or more). The disorder incorporates dysthymic disorder and chronic major depression from DSM-IV-TR.
- Electroconvulsive Therapy
a. Use of electricity to produce convulsions and unconsciousness; a treatment used primarily to alleviate depressive and manic episodes. Also known as electroshock therapy
- Hypomanic Episode
a. A condition lasing at least 4 days in which a person experiences abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. At least 3 out of 7 other designated symptoms similar to those in a manic episode must also be present but to a lesser degree than in mania.
- Interpersonal Therapy
a. A time-limited psychotherapy approach that focuses on the interpersonal context and on building interpersonal skills
- Learned Helplessness
a. A theory that animals and people exposed to uncontrollable aversive events learn that they have no power over these events, and this causes them to behave in a passive and helpless manner when later exposed to potentially controllable events. Later extended to become a theory of depression.
- Lithium
a. A common salt formed from a soft, silver-white metal; it has been found to reduce the symptoms of bipolar disorder although it has a number of negative side effects.
- Major Depressive Disorder
a. Moderate to severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes but no hypomanic, manic, or mixed episodes. Single episode if only one; recurrent episode if more than one
- Major Depressive Episode
a. A mental condition in which a person must be markedly depressed for most of every day for most days for at least 2 weeks. In addition, a total of at least 5 out of 9 designated symptoms must also be present during the same time period.
- Major Depressive Episode with Atypical Features
a. A type of major depressive episode that includes a pattern of symptoms characterized by marked mood reactivity, as well as at least 2 out of 4 other designated symptoms
- Major Depressive Episode with Catatonic Features
a. A subset of major depressive disorders that is characterized by severe disturbances in motor function
- Major Depressive Episode with Melancholic Features
a. A type of major depressive episode that includes marked symptoms of loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities, plus at least 3 out of 6 other designated symptoms
- Mania
a. Emotional state characterized by intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria
- Manic Episode
a. A condition in which a person shows markedly elevated, euphoric, or expansive mood, often interrupted by occasional outbursts of intense irritability or even violence that lasts for at least 1 week. In addition, at least 3 out of 7 other designated symptoms must also occur.
- Mixed Episode
a. A condition in which a person is characterized by symptoms of both full-blown manic and major depressive episodes for at least 1 week, whether the symptoms are intermixed or alternate rapidly every few days.
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
a. Class of antidepressant drugs sometimes used for treating depression
- Mood Congruent
a. Delusions or hallucinations that are consistent with a person’s mood
- Mood Disorders
a. Disturbances of mood that are intense and persistent enough to be clearly maladaptive
- Negative Automatic Thoughts
a. Thoughts that are just below the surface of awareness that involve unpleasant pessimistic predictions.
- Negative Cognitive Triad
a. Negative thoughts about the self, the world, and the future
- NSSI
a. Nonsuicidal self-injury. Direct, deliberate destruction of body tissues in the absence of any intent to die.
- Persistent Depressive Disorder
a. A new DSM-5 disorder that involves long-standing depressed mood (2 years or more). The disorder incorporates dysthymic disorder and chronic major depression from DSM-IV-TR.
- Pessimistic Attributional Style
a. Cognitive style involving a tendency to make internal, stable, and global attributions for negative life events.
- Rapid Cycling
a. A pattern of bipolar disorder involving at least 4 manic or depressive episodes per year
- Recurrence
a. A new occurrence of a disorder after a remission of symptoms.
- Recurrent Major Depressive Episode with a Seasonal Pattern
a. A form of major depression where the episodes of depression recur on a regular seasonal basis (fall/winter), but not at other times of the year.
- Relapse
a. Return of the symptoms of a disorder after a fairly short period of time.
- Rumination
a. Refers to the process of going over and over in one’s mind or going over a thought repeatedly time and again.
- Seasonal Affective Disorder
a. Mood disorder involving at least 2 episodes of depression in the past 2 years occurring at the same time of year (most commonly fall or winter) , with remission also occurring at the same time of year (most commonly spring).
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
a. A medication that inhibits serotonin and is used in the treatment of depression.
- Severe Major Depressive Episode with Psychotic Features
a. Major depression involving loss of contact with reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations.
- Specifiers
a. In mood disorders. Different patterns of symptoms that sometimes characterize major depressive episodes that may help predict the course and preferred treatments for the condition.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants
a. Medications used to treat depression, and sometimes anxiety disorders, that are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at the synapse.
- Unipolar Depressive Disorder
a. Mood disorder in which a person experiences only depressive episodes, as opposed to bipolar disorders, in which both manic and depressive episodes occur.
