Chapter 2 Flashcards
Historical and contemporary views of abnormal behavior
- Asylums
o Historically, these were institutions meant solely for the care of people with mental illness
- Behavioral-Perspective
o A theoretical viewpoint organized around the theme that learning is central in determining human behavior
- Behaviorism
o School of psychology that formerly restricted itself primarily to the study of overt behavior
- Catharsis
o Discharge of emotional tensions associated with something, such as by talking about past traumas.
- Classical-Conditioning
o A basic form of learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus (US) that naturally elicits an unconditioned response (UR). After repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits a conditioned response (CR)
- Deinstitutionalization
o Movement to close mental hospitals and treat people with severe mental disorders in the community
- Dream Analysis
o Method involving the recoding, description, and interpretations of a patient’s dreams.
- Exorcisms
o Religiously inspired treatment procedure designed to drive out evils spirits or forces form a “possessed” person
- Free Association
o Method for probing the unconscious by having patients talk freely about themselves, their feelings, and their motives.
- Insanity
o Legal term for mental disorder, implying lack of responsibility for one’s acts and inability to manage one’s affairs.
- Lycanthropy
o a form of madness involving the delusion of being an animal, usually a wolf, with correspondingly altered behavior.
- Mass Madness
o a social phenomenon where a group of people experience similar physical and psychological symptoms.
- Mental Hygiene Movement
o Movement that advocated a method of treatment focused almost exclusively on the physical well-being of hospitalized patients with mental disorders.
- Mesmerism
o Mesmerism involves the manipulation of “magnetic fluids” or “animal magnetism” (probably more accurately called “life energy”) in order to heal people. Like hypnotism.
- Moral Management
o Wide-ranging method of treatment that focuses on a patient’s social, individual, and occupational needs.
- Nancy School
o The Nancy School was a French school of psychotherapy that focused on hypnosis and suggestion.
o Believed in hypnosis was anatural healing process that used mental suggestion.
- Operant Conditioning
o Form of learning in which if a particular response is reinforced, it become more likely to be repeated on similar occasions.
- Psychoanalysis
o Methods Freud used to study and treat patients
- a system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental conditions by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.
- Psychoanalytic Perspective
o Theory of psychopathology, initially developed by Freud, that emphasizes the inner dynamics of unconscious motives.
- a psychological approach that emphasizes the influence of unconscious thoughts, desires, and memories, primarily shaped by early childhood experiences, on a person’s behavior and personality,
- Saint Vitus’s Dance
o a childhood movement disorder that causes involuntary muscle movements
- Tarantism
o A psychological illness characterized by an extreme impulse to dance
o believed to have been caused by the bite of a tarantula
- Unconscious
o the part of the mind which is inaccessible to the conscious mind but which affects behavior and emotions.
