chapter 7 Flashcards
how are bones classified?
shape, internal tissue organization and bone markings
classifications of shape
long, short, flat, irregular, and sutural
long bones
shaft and 2 ends
short bones
cube-shaped bones, like ankle and wrist
sesamoid bone
type of short bone, bone that forms with tendons like patella
flat bones
thin, flattened, curves like sternum and skull
irregular bones
complicated shape, like hips and vertebrae
sutural bones
wormian bones found in the skull
two main parts of the skeleton
axial and appendicular
axial skeleton
80 bones, functions to support and protect organs.
includes skull, vertebrae, thoracic cage
how many bones of skull
22
how many bones of face and what are they
14 (7 pairs)
maxilla, lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, mandible
how many bones of cranial and what are they
8
occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, pareital (2), temporal (2)
how many bones of vertebral column and regions
24
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccyx
how many bones of thoracic cage
24 (12 pairs of ribs), and sternum
TMJ
only movable joint of the face
hard pallate of face is made of…
maxillary and palatine
jaw bones
mandible and maxillary
eye socket bones
ethmoid, sphenoid, zygomatic, lacrimal, frontal, maxilla, palatine
what is sinus
air cavity, drain to the nasal cavity, acts as a chamber that adds resonance to voice
types of sinus
frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary
where is pain for frontal sinus?
forehead
where is pain for sphenoid sinus?
in the back of the eye
where is pain for ethmoid sinus?
between the eyes
where is pain for maxillary sinus?
pain in the upper jaw
function of conchae
shelves of bone that form 3 air passages. makes air healthy, warm, humidified and nice to pass to lungs
ethmoid bone
superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
what are the sections of the spine
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
sacrum coccyx
what is the primary curve
thoracic and pelvic
what is the secondary curve
cervical and lumbar
C1/atlas
articulates with occipital condyles, lacks a body and spinous process, has anterior and posterior arches, *articulation with occipital condyles to no YES
C2/axis
has the dens/odontoid process
*articulation with the atlas allows you to nod NO rotation
unique of cervical
bifurcated spinous process, transverse foramen with holes for arteries, smallest set of vertebrae
unique of thoracic
long spinous process points downward, articulating facets for ribs
unique of lumbar
very blunt, flat spinous process, huge vertebal body
intervertebral discs parts and characteristics
outer part is annulus fibrosus- several layers of fibrocartilage
inner part is nucleus pulposus- loose fibers in gel, shock absorption
herniated disc
nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosis, spinal nerves become distorted
spine deformities
kyphosis (hunch back), lordosis (swayback), scoliosis (abnormal curvature)
true ribs
connected to sternum by costal cartilage
false ribs
8-12 and are not connected
8-10 fuse together before merge with cartilage and reaching sternum
floating ribs
11-12
no connection to sternum
3 parts of the sternum
flat bone
1. manubrium
2. sternal body
3. xiphoid process
