Chapter 7 Flashcards
preventing preoperative disease transmission
microbes
aka microorganism
little life invisible to eye
natural part of the world, no way to fully remove
3 broad classifications of microbes
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
viruses
indigenous microflora
bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoa
live on skin and in body
opportunistic pathogen (form of indigenous microflora)
under normal conditions they are harmless
given “opportunity” they become pathogens
human microbe relationship
symbiosis
- both benefitting
- just existing, no effect
- harmful
mutualism / synergism
both benefit and depend on each other
synergism- work together to achieve result neither could do alone
ex: bees and flowers
commensalism
one benefits and second one just chillin
ex: microflora on skin
prevents others from joining (competitive exclusion)
neutralism
two organisms occupy the same space w/o effect on each other
coexisting
antagonism
one interferes growth of others
produce toxic waste to others
forms of commensalism
neutralism + antagonism
parasitism
one organism benefits and host is harmed
pathogens
SSI from opportunistic microflora
HAI
viruses
the most common occurring pathogens associated with SSI
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
viruses
prions
if dealing with prions (mixes proteins in brains to go crazy)
hard to kill with sterilization bc protein not virus
use only disposable instruments + drape as much as possible
4 most common infections at hospital
- SSI
- pneumonia
- GI infection
- UTI
- bloodstream infections
primary goal of STSR with SSI
vigilant with aspects and sterile techniques to prevent transmition
bacteria
prokaryotes that divide by binary fission
classified o specific characteristics observed in laboratory
how do you classify microbes
its relationship to other humans
BACTERIA IN TEXTBOOK
table 7-1 characteristics
table 7-2 bacteria pathogens
table 7-3 associated with SSI
30% of bacteria is
staphylococcus aureus
25% of staphylocococcus aureus people are
carriers who only pass it on
tuberculosis
usually infects lungs
-also kidneys, bones, joints, skin
isolation precautions for TB
gloves
goggles
gown
n95 mask
pt education
steps in transmitting air droplet virus
page 133!!
STSR responsibilities for virus
follow standard precautions
—(ie droplet)
vaccinated
viral pathogens common to the OR
table 7-4!
emerging infectious diseases
humans are mobil:
-endemic (localized)
-epidemic (given population)
-pandemic (world)
new bacterial multi resistant strains coming out
MDR-TB
XDR-TB
another name for proteinaceous infections particle
prions
CJD disease
creutzfeldt- Jakobs disease
mad cow disease/ scrapie
- confusion, personality changes, unable to process vision, delusions, coordination, seizures
what happens in CJD disease
creates large holes in brain tissue, spills prions to further invade
prions
human to human transmission
no vaccine/ cure
resistant to sterilization methods
parasites
multicellular or unicellular
tapeworms, round worms
-through food or water
-through skin
-fecal/ oral
-arthorpod bite
unicellular eukaryote protozoans
intestinal
come from crowded environments
-entamoebahistolytica (colonoscopy)
-trichomonasvaginalis (urethra)
fungi
mycology - study of fungi
-eukaryotic (yeast, mold)
-reproduce (sexual meiosis)
most likely people to get fungi
HIV and AIDs
rhino cerebral zygomycosis
common bread mold
face bone and tissue damage
- requires lots of reconstruction
what are fomites
intimate objects
what is staphylococcus aureus
bacteria we hate
microflora in skin deep
at risk even in clean procedures
what happens if there’s an infection in another part of the body
compromise, surgery postponed for elective
factors in risk of SSI
age
obesity
general health
carriers of s aureus/ MRSA
biggest risk for SSI
smokers/ alcoholics
what to do for pre op hair remover
never use razor
use clippers or cream
surgery classifications
clean (I)- joint
clean contaminated (II) - bowel
contaminated (IV) - ruptured gallbladder, mouth
dirty (V) - trauma
how does duration of procedure effect SSI
longer the procedure, the more likely to contaminate
longer tissues are handled, the more they are damaged
surgical team fatigue
