Chapter 10 Instruments

Question 1

what are endoscopes used for

Answer 1

pre, intra, and post op
-diagnosis
-biopsy
-visualization
-repair structure within body cavity

Question 2

what is endoscope introduced from

Answer 2

trochar or cannula

Question 3

what are endoscopic procedures named by

Answer 3

the region that is being viewed +
“-scope”

Question 4

flexible endoscope

Answer 4

maneuverable

fixated anatomy so you can see around corners

colonoscope, bronchoscope, ureteroscope

Question 5

rigid endoscope

Answer 5

hallow for introducing instruments

contain telescopic lense system

cystoscope, laparoscope

Question 6

endoscopes are used in conjunction with a…

Answer 6

light cord

Question 7

endoscopes can be used with… for…

Answer 7

active electrosurgical devices for coagulation of tissue

Question 8

power instruments are compressed by

Answer 8

air, nitrogen, electricity, or battery

Question 9

internal pressure of a power inst tank should be

Answer 9

500 psi

operating is set between 80 and 100

Question 10

large power equipment frequently powered by

Answer 10

battery + nitrogen

Question 11

delicate work may require faster..

Answer 11

air power

Question 12

common uses for power tools

Answer 12

drill holes

ream the central shaft of bone

saw through sternum to heart

shave bone

cut skin

Question 13

drivers use a … for inserting sharp pins with power tools

Answer 13

rapid rotary

Question 14

what kind of rotary is used for reaming the shaft of a long bone

Answer 14

slow rotary

Question 15

saws have either a … or… for cutting bone

Answer 15

reciprocating - back and forth
oscillating - side to side

Question 16

how do you shave a bone with the power tool

Answer 16

use a 180 alternating direction rotary

Question 17

what protects the delicate tissue underneath using power tools

Answer 17

dural guard

Question 18

what does binocular apparatus use during microsurgery

Answer 18

bent light waves for variable magnification

Question 19

compound operating microscope consist of

Answer 19

optical lens system

magnification and focus controls

illuminating system

mounting system

electrical system

accessories

Question 20

what do the lens in microscopes range in

Answer 20

100 to 400 mm

Question 21

what sharpens the image in the actual colors of the tissue

Answer 21

achromatic capabilities

Question 22

what part of the microscope allows the second set to match the original field of view

Answer 22

beam spliter

Question 23

what is total magnification calculated by

Answer 23

magnifying power of the objective lens X magnifying power of the oculars

Question 24

increase in magnifying power…

Answer 24

decrease the depth and width of field of view

Question 25

what is focusing controlled with for a microscope

Answer 25

foot pedal and/ or hand control

Question 26

light waves for illumination win microscope are provided by

Answer 26

paraxial or coaxial illuminations

Question 27

paraxial illumination

Answer 27

tungsten or hallogen bulbs can be angled inward equipped with a diaphragm to narrow the beam

Question 28

coaxial illumination

Answer 28

fiber optic lights to transmit light waves light is cool to protect tissues intensity controlled by switch on arm

Question 29

microscope can be adapted for attachment of

Answer 29

laser

Question 30

microscope can be adapted for attachment of

Answer 30

camera to beam splitter allows viewing on monitor

Question 31

video cameras can be attached to

Answer 31

microscopes or endoscopes for viewing

Question 32

... can be taken with camera and printed

Answer 32

still images

Question 33

fiber optic light cord is attached to an

Answer 33

electric light source

Question 34

what kind of surgeons usually use headlamps

Answer 34

cardiovascular + otorhinolaryngeal

Question 35

insufflators create a space for viewing with a camera attached to..

Answer 35

an endoscope

Question 36

what do insufflators infuse into abd

Answer 36

Co2

Question 37

what needle do insufflators use

Answer 37

versess insufflation hasson blunt trochar

Question 38

intraop pressure for laparoscopic is usually

Answer 38

12-15 mm Hg

Question 39

what is pulse lavage irrigator powered by

Answer 39

nitrogen, battery, or electricity

Question 40

what is pulse lavage irrigator used for

Answer 40

decried a traumatic infected wound

Question 41

adjustable pulsed saline in pulse lavage irrigator does what

Answer 41

pulverizes necrotic clots, allows for natural healing

Question 42

what protects sterile team for being splashed with fluids with a pulse lavage irrigator

Answer 42

circular shield

Question 43

nerve stimulators produce...

Answer 43

very small electric currents to preserve nerves

Question 44

anesthesia can use the nerve stimulators to

Answer 44

assess the actions of neuromuscular blockers

Question 45

what kind of tissue are nerve stimulators inserted into

Answer 45

adjacent, nonessential tissue

Question 46

when using a nerve stimulator, what will happen if a nerve is nearby

Answer 46

the surrounding tissue will move slightly

Question 47

what does a sequential compression device do

Answer 47

prevents venous stasis when applied to patients leg reducing risk of DVT and pulmonary embolism

Question 48

sequential compression device can be used on the upper extremity for

Answer 48

axillary lymph node dissection

Question 49

sequential compression device consists of

Answer 49

compressor- electric connecting tubing sleeves that enclose limbs

Question 50

suction system utilizes a vacuum to

Answer 50

remove fluids from he surgical site

Question 51

minimum of how many suction systems required in an OR

Answer 51

2 on available at all times, one used with surgical field

Question 52

components of suction systems

Answer 52

vacuum source vacuum source tubing collection unit- liners tubing suction tip

Question 53

tubing and tip of the suction system must always be

Answer 53

opened and kept in a sterile manner

Question 54

most OR have how many overhead lights

Answer 54

2, specialty rooms have 4

Question 55

the beam for lights should generally be

Answer 55

10-12 in

Question 56

what color are OR lights

Answer 56

blue/ white color of daylight

Question 57

how many times can you turn off OR lights

Answer 57

never prevents bulbs from blowing out

Question 58

pneumatic tourniquets improve..

Answer 58

visualization of the field

Question 59

pneumatic tourniquets can cause neurovasucalr damage from

Answer 59

incorrect placement excessive pressure prolonged inflation

Question 60

improper application of tourniquet leads to

Answer 60

blistering bruising pinching skin necrosis

Question 61

components of pneumatic tourniquets

Answer 61

cuff tubing pressure device power source

Question 62

where should you place the tourniquet

Answer 62

as proximal as possible

Question 63

leg and arm pressure for tourniquet

Answer 63

leg- systolic plus ½ its value arm- systolic plus 30-70 mm Hg

Question 64

after how long should you drop the pressure on a tourniquet

Answer 64

1 hour inflation times must be documented