Chapter 10 Instruments Flashcards
what are endoscopes used for
pre, intra, and post op
-diagnosis
-biopsy
-visualization
-repair structure within body cavity
what is endoscope introduced from
trochar or cannula
what are endoscopic procedures named by
the region that is being viewed +
“-scope”
flexible endoscope
maneuverable
fixated anatomy so you can see around corners
colonoscope, bronchoscope, ureteroscope
rigid endoscope
hallow for introducing instruments
contain telescopic lense system
cystoscope, laparoscope
endoscopes are used in conjunction with a…
light cord
endoscopes can be used with… for…
active electrosurgical devices for coagulation of tissue
power instruments are compressed by
air, nitrogen, electricity, or battery
internal pressure of a power inst tank should be
500 psi
operating is set between 80 and 100
large power equipment frequently powered by
battery + nitrogen
delicate work may require faster..
air power
common uses for power tools
drill holes
ream the central shaft of bone
saw through sternum to heart
shave bone
cut skin
drivers use a … for inserting sharp pins with power tools
rapid rotary
what kind of rotary is used for reaming the shaft of a long bone
slow rotary
saws have either a … or… for cutting bone
reciprocating - back and forth
oscillating - side to side
how do you shave a bone with the power tool
use a 180 alternating direction rotary
what protects the delicate tissue underneath using power tools
dural guard
what does binocular apparatus use during microsurgery
bent light waves for variable magnification
compound operating microscope consist of
optical lens system
magnification and focus controls
illuminating system
mounting system
electrical system
accessories
what do the lens in microscopes range in
100 to 400 mm
what sharpens the image in the actual colors of the tissue
achromatic capabilities
what part of the microscope allows the second set to match the original field of view
beam spliter
what is total magnification calculated by
magnifying power of the objective lens X magnifying power of the oculars
increase in magnifying power…
decrease the depth and width of field of view
what is focusing controlled with for a microscope
foot pedal and/ or hand control
light waves for illumination win microscope are provided by
paraxial or coaxial illuminations
paraxial illumination
tungsten or hallogen bulbs
can be angled inward
equipped with a diaphragm to narrow the beam
coaxial illumination
fiber optic lights to transmit light waves
light is cool to protect tissues
intensity controlled by switch on arm
microscope can be adapted for attachment of
laser
microscope can be adapted for attachment of
camera to beam splitter
allows viewing on monitor
video cameras can be attached to
microscopes or endoscopes for viewing
… can be taken with camera and printed
still images
fiber optic light cord is attached to an
electric light source
what kind of surgeons usually use headlamps
cardiovascular + otorhinolaryngeal
insufflators create a space for viewing with a camera attached to..
an endoscope
what do insufflators infuse into abd
Co2
what needle do insufflators use
versess insufflation
hasson blunt trochar
intraop pressure for laparoscopic is usually
12-15 mm Hg
what is pulse lavage irrigator powered by
nitrogen, battery, or electricity
what is pulse lavage irrigator used for
decried a traumatic infected wound
adjustable pulsed saline in pulse lavage irrigator does what
pulverizes necrotic clots,
allows for natural healing
what protects sterile team for being splashed with fluids with a pulse lavage irrigator
circular shield
nerve stimulators produce…
very small electric currents to preserve nerves
anesthesia can use the nerve stimulators to
assess the actions of neuromuscular blockers
what kind of tissue are nerve stimulators inserted into
adjacent, nonessential tissue
when using a nerve stimulator, what will happen if a nerve is nearby
the surrounding tissue will move slightly
what does a sequential compression device do
prevents venous stasis when applied to patients leg
reducing risk of DVT and pulmonary embolism
sequential compression device can be used on the upper extremity for
axillary lymph node dissection
sequential compression device consists of
compressor- electric
connecting tubing
sleeves that enclose limbs
suction system utilizes a vacuum to
remove fluids from he surgical site
minimum of how many suction systems required in an OR
2
on available at all times, one used with surgical field
components of suction systems
vacuum source
vacuum source tubing
collection unit- liners
tubing
suction tip
tubing and tip of the suction system must always be
opened and kept in a sterile manner
most OR have how many overhead lights
2, specialty rooms have 4
the beam for lights should generally be
10-12 in
what color are OR lights
blue/ white
color of daylight
how many times can you turn off OR lights
never
prevents bulbs from blowing out
pneumatic tourniquets improve..
visualization of the field
pneumatic tourniquets can cause neurovasucalr damage from
incorrect placement
excessive pressure
prolonged inflation
improper application of tourniquet leads to
blistering
bruising
pinching
skin necrosis
components of pneumatic tourniquets
cuff
tubing
pressure device
power source
where should you place the tourniquet
as proximal as possible
leg and arm pressure for tourniquet
leg- systolic plus ½ its value
arm- systolic plus 30-70 mm Hg
after how long should you drop the pressure on a tourniquet
1 hour
inflation times must be documented
