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Chapter 15 Flashcards

OB/GYN

1
Q

what is oxytocin

A

hormone that controls milk letdown, cervix control

love hormone, activiates with touch

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2
Q

two forms of oxytocin

A

pitocin- naturally
syntocinon- by healtcare provider
- gets you into labor

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3
Q

what do oxytocic drugs do

A

stimulate smooth muscle
- induces labor
- contrats uterus control hemorrhage
- dilate cervix
- stimulate lactation
- treat/ cause abortion

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4
Q

side effects of oxytocic drugs

A

risk or uterine rupture
irregular heartbeat
postpartum bleeding
neonate jaundice
pass through breastfeed

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5
Q

what is vasopressin (form of hemostasis drug)

A

vasoconstricter
increases BP
decreases bleeding

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6
Q

what is monsels solution (form of hemostasis drug)

A

chemical mixture of sulfate, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and water

brown in color

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7
Q

what is monsels solution used for

A

topical hemostasis following cervical biopsy

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8
Q

what is RhoGam (immunoglobin drug)

A

prevention of Rh immunization in Rh- mother whose fetus is Rh+
- prevents killing the fetus

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9
Q

what are dyes used for in OBGYN

A

mark skin
tattoo
following tract

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10
Q

most common dyes used in OBGYN

A

methylene blue
indigio carmine
brilliant green
gentian violet

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11
Q

what are cervical stains

A

stain the cervical mucosa during conization
- schillers
- acetic acid

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12
Q

what results from using schillers cervical stain solution

A

intense and characteristic brown staining of the healthy cervical epithelium

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13
Q

what is the less concentrated version of schillers cervical stain solution

A

lugols solution

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14
Q

what is swabbed over the cervix during cervical stain

A

3% acetic acid

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15
Q

how is the cervix illuminated with light

A

lugol- illuminate
acidic cells- dont

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16
Q

what is hyskin AKA d5w (form of distending media)

A

high viscosity that reduces distortion of the image from intrauterine bleeding

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17
Q

most common equipment used for obgyn

A

stirrups
candy canes

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18
Q

what are the most common equipments for obstetrics specifically

A

fetal monitors
warming beds for neonate

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19
Q

pringle maneuver

A

controls bleeding during liver surgery

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20
Q

how does pringle maneuver work

A

clamp the hepatoduodenal ligament, contains the hepatic artery, portal vein, and cbd
- stopping blood flow to liver

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21
Q

what are the benefits of pringle maneuver

A

reduces intraop blood loss
decrease need for transfusion
shorten op time

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22
Q

positioning for obgyn

A

lithotomy
trendelenburg
supine

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23
Q

what is braxton hicks

A

muscular action of the uterus that does not progress cervical dilation
- false labor
(uterus contracts, cervix doesnt dilate)

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24
Q

what are contractions

A

muscular action of the uterus to dilate the cervix and expel the fetus

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25
*what is gravida*
*number of times a woman has been preggo*
26
*what is parity*
*number of times a woman has given birth*
27
what is lightening
settling of the fetal head into the brim of the pelvis - "dropped"
28
what is lie
relationship between long axis of fetus and long axis of mother - longitudianl vs transverse (long= head down, trans= sideways)
29
what is presentation
*fetal part overlying the pelvic inlet* - normally fetal head - breach = butt - compound = other part
30
what is station
*measurement of the descent of the presenting part of the fetus in relation to the ischial spine*
31
what is cervical effacement
cervix softens and thins and it=s taken up into the lower uterine segment
32
what is cervical dilation
opening in the cervix for passage of uterine contents
33
what is bloody show
when the mucus plug breaks - not water breaking
34
what is crowning
largest diameter of fetal head encircled by vulvar ring
35
what is the vernix casepsa
natural protective and waterproof coating - white creamy appearance
36
what is meconium
newborn feces within the amniotic fluid - can cause aspiration syndrome when breathed in during delivery
37
what is descent
movement of fetus through pelvic canal via contraction
38
what is flextion
bringing fetal head to chest
39
what is internal rotation
rotation as fetal head meets pelvic floor msucles
40
what is external rotation
rotation as fetal head passes over peritoneum
41
what is expulsion
delivery of of shoulders and body of fetus
42
stages of labor
1- contractions 2- delivery of fetus 3- delivery of placenta 4- recovery
43
what is the techs job during birth
clamp the umbilical cord - family can do it if they want collect blood gasses prepare for emergency with mom
44
what is a lotus birth
delated detachment of umbilical cord
45
what is a perineal laceration
uncontrolled laceration of the vulva
46
what is an episiotomy
intentional surgical incision to prevent tearing in vulva - prevents perineal laceration
47
what are the 4 degrees of perineal laceration classified off of
depth
48
what is cervical cerclage
corects an incompetant cervix due to muscles of the cervix being weak
49
when is cervical cerclage performed
late second trimester early third trimester
50
*what are the two procedures for a cervical cerclage*
*shirodkars mcdonalds (most common)*
51
how do you do cervical cerclage
placement of large diameter tape wrapping around the cervix - prevents spontaneos abortion
52
what do you need to remember for a c section
your right hip holster
53
what are the risks of a c section
mortality 4-6x that of vaginal delivery - (for baby) epidural preferred over anesthesia
54
what is the first interop count for a c section
55
what is the tech asked to do during c section
apply pressure to fundus of uterus - helps push the baby to the surgeon
56
how is tubal sterilization done
minilaparotomy laparoscopic colpotomy
57
*ligature techniques to interrupt the lumen in tubal sterilization*
*division (harmonic) clips electrosurgery silastic bands*
58
other names for tubal sterilization
tubal occlusion tubal ligation
59
what is a tubal sterilization
sterilizing procedure of the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancies
60
what is a tuboplsty
microscopic reestablishing and reanastomisng the fallopian tubes
61
*what is a reverse tubal ligation for*
*ectopic preggo*
62
*classifications of tuboplasties* (classified according to anatomical classification)
*isthmic- isthmuc (midsegment ampullary- amplullary isthmic- ampullary
63
*what is tuboplasty done under*
*microscope
64
how to do an open tuboplasty
pfannestiel incision damaged ends of tubes isolated tube freed from attachments tube transected with 11 blade - against tongue blade or iris lacrimal duct probe injects dye - shows patency of lumen mesosalpinx approximated 2-0 monofilament passed through as a stent to the lumen 8-0 synthetic absorbable suture 2-0 stent removed 12 oclock stich placed finishing steps + close
65
*what do you use to insert dye into the lacrimal duct during tuboplasty*
*18 g angio or ped cath*
66
*what layer do you put 8-0 synthetic absorbalbe suture in tuboplasty*
*muscularis only (no mucosa)
67
*how do you put in 8-0 synthetic absorbable suture for tuboplasty*
*interrupted at 3, 6, 9 oclock*
68
*where do you put 8-0 or 9-0 absorbable second layer in a tuboplasty*
*serosa and outer muscle layer circumfrencially*
69
when do you do a lap resection of unrupted tubal preggo
extopic preggo
70
*where do ectopic preggos happen*
*fallopian tube- most common paritoneal cavity ovary cervix*
71
how are unruptured ectopic preggos treated
laparoscopically - ruptured is emergent and open
72
*risk factors for an ectopic preggo*
*pelvic inflammation disease previous ectopic preggo pregnancy following sterilization prior tubal reconstruct. surgery IUD usage prolonged infertility exposure to diethylstilbestrol*
73
*what is a salpingostomy*
*incision into the tube*
74
*what is a salpingectomy*
*removal of affected part of tube*
75
first degree laceration
vaginal mucosa or perineal skin
76
second degree laceration
extends vaginal mucosa
77
third degree laceration
involves anal sphincter
78
fourth degree laceration
involves rectal mucosa
79
what type of suture is a perineal laceration closed with
absorbable
80
what suction is preffered in the presence of a meconium
de lee suction
81
4 counts of c section
prior to skin incision prior to closing uterus prior to closing abd prior to closing skin
82
examples of gynecologic conditions
endometriosis genitourinary dysfunction tumors functional uterine bleeding (DUB)
83
characteristics of oblique incision
less vascualr and nerve damage less likely to herniate limits access
84
characteristics of vertical incision
best exposure fast access increased chance of herniation
85
characteristics of transverse incision
30x stronger than vertical better cosmetic time consuming

SURG TESTS (25 decks)

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