chapter 7 Flashcards
lymph lymph/o
The fluid that removes cellular waste products, pathogens, and dead blood cells from the tissues.
Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts: lymphangi/o
The capillaries, vessels, and ducts that return lymph from the tissues to the venous bloodstream.
Lymph Nodes: lymphaden/o
Bean-shaped structures of the lymphatic system where pathogens and other harmful substances are filtered from the lymph by specialized cells of the immune system.
Tonsils and Adenoids tonsill/o, adenoid/o
Lymphoid structures of the lymphatic system that protect the entry to the respiratory system.
spleen spen/o
A sac-like mass of lymphoid tissue with protective roles in both the immune and lymphatic systems
Bone Marrow myel/o
Produces lymphocytes, which are specialized leukocytes (white blood cells).
Lymphocytes lymphocyt/o
Specialized leukocytes that play important roles in immune reactions.
Thymus thym/o
A gland located in the upper chest with specialized roles in both the lymphatic and immune systems.
anti-
against
-cocci
spherical bacteria
-cyte
cell
-edema
swelling
immun/0
immune, protection,safe
lymph/o
lymph, lymphatic tissue
lymphaden/o
lymph node or gland
lymphangi/o
lymph vessel
-lytic
to destroy
macro-
large
-oma
tumor
phag/o
phage eat, swallow
splen/o
spleen
-tic
pertainting to
tox/o
poison, poisonous
acquired immunity
obtained by having had a contagious disease.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
commonly known as AIDS, is the most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection.
allergen
a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual.
allergist
specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity, such as allergic reactions.
allergy
also known as hypersensitivity, is an over-reaction by the body to a particular antigen.
anaphylaxis
also known as anaphylactic shock, is a severe response to an allergen.
antibiotic-resistant bacteria
occur when antibiotics fail to kill all of the bacteria they target.
antibiotics
medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms.
antibody
a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.
antifungal
an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi.
antigen–antibody reaction
also known as the immune reaction, involves binding antigens to antibodies.
autoimmune disorder
also known as an autoimmune disease, is any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, or organs for antigens.
bacilli
rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria. (The singular is bacillus).
bacteria
one-celled microscopic organisms (singular, bacterium).
candidiasis
also known as a yeast infection. Yeast infections occur on the skin or mucous membranes in warm, moist areas such as the vagina or mouth and are caused by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans.
complement system
a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form.
COVID-19
a highly contagious viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
cytokines
a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells
cytomegalovirus
(CMV) is found in most body fluids.
hemolytic
destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse.
herpes zoster
(HZ), commonly known as shingles, is an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve.
human immunodeficiency virus
commonly known as HIV, is a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening opportunistic infections.
immunodeficiency disorder
occurs when the immune response is compromised.
immunoglobulins
bind with specific antigens in the antigen–antibody response. The five primary types of immunoglobulins, which are secreted by plasma cells, are also known as antibodies.
immunologist
specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system.
immunosuppressant
a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response.
immunotherapy
also called biological therapy, is a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response.
infectious disease specialist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
infectious mononucleosis
also known as mono, is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, and is most common in adolescents and young adults.
influenza
commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious viral respiratory infection that usually occurs in seasonal epidemics.
interferons
(IFNs) are produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells.
Lyme disease
is transmitted to humans by the bite of a tick that has had contact with a deer infected with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It is named for Old Lyme, Connecticut, where it was first diagnosed
lymphadenopathy
any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes.
lymphangioma
a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system.
lymphedema
(LE) is swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues.
lymphocytes
also known as lymphoid cells, are leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells.
lymphologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system.
lymphoscintigraphy
a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels.
macrophage
a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells.
malaria
caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito
measles
an acute, highly contagious infection that is transmitted by respiratory droplets of the rubeola virus.
natural immunity
which is also known as passive immunity, is resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to a disease.
opportunistic infection
caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans.
parasite
a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism.
pathogen
a microorganism that causes a disease in humans.
rabies
an acute viral infection that is transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal.
rickettsia
a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites (plural, rickettsiae).
rubella
also known as German measles, is a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash.
spirochetes
long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement.
splenomegaly
an abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
staphylococci
a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes.
streptococci
bacteria that form a chain. (The singular is streptococcus).
synthetic immunoglobulins
also known as immune serum, are used as a post-exposure preventive measure against certain viruses, including rabies and some types of hepatitis.
synthetic interferon
used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, and some cancers.
systemic reaction
also known as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, is a severe response to an allergen.
toxoplasmosis
a disease caused by a parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated feces.
varicella
also known as chickenpox, is caused by the herpesvirus Varicella zoster and is highly contagious.
West Nile virus
spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito.
Zika virus
spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito, by a woman to her fetus, or through sexual intercourse.
