Chapter 6 Flashcards
BLOOD: Hem/o, Hemat/o
Share oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries away waste
Plasma: plasma, plasma/o
Contains nutrients, hormones;waste products and clotting protein
Chromat/o
Color
Coagul/o
Clotting or coagulation
-Emia
Blood, blood condition
Erythr/o
Red
Fibrin/o
Fibrin, fibers, threads of a clot
-globin
Protein
Hem/o, hemat/o
Blood, relating to the blood
Leuk/o
White
Myel/o
Spinal cord or bone marrow
-oid
Resembling
-penia
Deficiency
Phleb/o
Vien
Plasma/ plasma/o
Something modeled or formed, plasma
-poiesis
To make
-stasis
Maintenance of a constant level
allogeneic transfusion
uses donated blood that must be of a compatible blood type. Allogeneic means coming from a different individual, i.e., one who is genetically not the same as the recipient.
anticoagulant
slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming.
antigen
any substance that the body regards as being foreign, thus sometimes triggering an adverse reaction.
aplastic anemia
a rare but serious condition characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.
autologous transfusion
uses the patient’s own blood instead of blood from a donor.
basophils
which are also formed in red bone marrow, are the least common type of WBCs.
coagulation
the process of blood clotting, or the formation of a blood clot.
coagulopathy
also known as a bleeding disorder, occurs when the blood’s ability to coagulate is impaired.
comprehensive metabolic panel
(CMP), also known as a Chem 14, is a broad screening tool used to provide information about the state of the body’s metabolism by measuring fourteen different substances in the blood.
decompression sickness
(DCS), also called the bends, is a potentially fatal condition that can occur as a result of deep-sea diving or unpressurized air travel.
direct antiglobulin test
(DAT), also known as a direct Coombs test, is used to investigate possible hemolytic transfusion reaction or whether a fetus or newborn has a hemolytic disease.
eosinophils
formed in red bone marrow and then migrate to tissues throughout the body.
erythrocyte
also known as red blood cells (RBCs), are mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow.
erythropoietin
(EPO) is a hormone produced in the kidneys that promotes the production of erythrocytes in the bone marrow.
fibrin
aids in blood clotting and the formation of a scab to help the wound heal.
fibrinogen
and prothrombin are the clotting proteins found in plasma.
globulins
a group of proteins in the blood that play an important role in the immune system.
granulocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called granulocytes because they have small granules containing proteins.
hematologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues.
hematopoiesis
the formation of blood cells.
hematocrit
(HCT) is the percentage of the blood that is made up of red blood cells.
hemoglobin
a blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes.
hemolysis
the process of breaking down erythrocytes.
hemolytic anemia
is characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen.
hemophilia
a hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood clotting factor is missing, resulting in abnormal coagulation.
hemostasis
means to stop or control bleeding.
heparin
another common anticoagulant.
hereditary spherocytosis
a genetic disorder that causes the red blood cells to be spherical rather than flat.
immunoglobulins
help the body attack and kill germs
leukemia
a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and the circulating blood.
leukocytes
also known as white blood cells (WBCs), are the blood cells involved in supporting the immune system in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.
leukopenia
a decrease in the number of disease-fighting leukocytes circulating in the blood.
lipoprotein panel blood test
or lipid panel, requires that a patient fast for 8-12 hours before the blood is drawn.
lymphocytes
identify foreign substances and germs (bacteria or viruses) in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them.
megakaryocytes
the large cells in the bone marrow that produce platelets.
monocytes
formed in the red bone marrow, liver, and spleen. They are the largest type of white blood cells.
multiple myeloma
(MM), sometimes referred to as just myeloma, is the second most common type of blood cancer.
neutropenia
the presence of abnormally few of the white blood cells called neutrophils in the blood, usually as a result of cancer treatment.
neutrophils
formed in the red bone marrow, are the most common type of WBCs.
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
(NHL), which is the more common type, refers to all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
pancytopenia
a condition that is characterized by lower-than-normal quantities of erythrocytes leukocytes, and platelets.
pernicious anemia
caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor (IF) that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract.
phagocytes
cells that play a major role in the immune system’s defense against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi by engulfing the pathogens and consuming them.
phlebotomist
a medical professional trained to draw blood from patients for laboratory tests and other procedures.
plasma
a straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
plasmapheresis
the removal of blood plasma by drawing blood and then separating the blood into its cellular elements.
platelets
also called thrombocytes, are the smallest formed elements of the blood.
prothrombin time
(PT), also known as pro time, is a blood coagulation test used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormalities of clotting time and to monitor anticoagulant therapy.
reticulocytes
red blood cells that have just been released from the bone marrow.
Rh factor
defines the presence of absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells.
sepsis
a potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream.
serum
the clear, pale-yellow plasma fluid that remains after the blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed.
sickle cell anemia
(SCA) is the most common form of a group of blood disorders known as sickle cell disease.
thalassemia
an inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin.
therapeutic plasma exchange
(TPE) is a type of plasmapheresis in which some of the patient’s own blood is circulated through a device that removes the disease-causing antibodies in the plasma and replaces them with healthy donor plasma and/or a plasma substitute.
thrombocytes
Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are the smallest formed elements of the blood.
thrombocytopenia
a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.
transfusion reaction
a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match.
Von Willebrand disease
(VWD), the most common genetic bleeding disorder, impacts women more than men.
