chap 3 Flashcards
acetabulum
also known as the hip socket; is the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.
allogeneic
originating with another
ankylosing spondylitis
(AS) is a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.
arthrodesis
also known as surgical ankylosis, is the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder.
arthroscopy
the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.
autologous
originating within an individual.
avascular necrosis
also known as osteonecrosis, is an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow, often to the hip.
callus
forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break—this tissue eventually becomes bone. Also, a thickening of the skin caused by repeated rubbing.
chondromalacia
the abnormal softening of cartilage.
comminuted fracture
the bone is splintered or crushed. Comminuted means crushed into small pieces.
compression fracture
occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself.
costochondritis
an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.
crepitation
also known as crepitus, is the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.
dual x-ray absorptiometry
(DXA) is a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density.
fat embolus
can form when a long bone is fractured due to an accident or surgery, and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood.
gout
also known as gouty arthritis, is a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints; often the big toe.
hallux valgus
also known as a bunion, is an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe (hallux is Latin for big toe, and valgus means bent).
hemarthrosis
blood within a joint.
hematopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells.
internal fixation
also known as open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), is a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
(JIA), formerly called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is an autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.
kyphosis
an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.
laminectomy
the surgical removal of the lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra. This procedure, also known as decompression surgery, relieves pressure on the spinal cord by enlarging the spinal canal.
lordosis
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine.
lumbago
also known as low back pain (LBP) is the general term for pain in the lumbar region of the spine.
malleolus
a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint (plural, malleoli).
manubrium
the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.
metacarpals
the five bones that form the palms of the hand.
metatarsals
form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached.
multiple myeloma
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making plasma cells found in the red bone marrow.
open fracture
also known as a compound fracture, is one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin.
orthopedic surgeon
also known as an orthopedist, is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles.
orthotic
a mechanical appliance, such as a shoe insert, leg brace, or a splint, which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
osteitis
an inflammation of a bone.
osteoarthritis
(OA), also known as wear-and-tear arthritis, is most commonly associated with aging.
osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage.
osteomalacia
also known as adult rickets, is abnormal softening of bone in adults.
osteomyelitis
an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.
osteopenia
thinner-than-average bone density.
osteoporosis
(OP) is a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging.
osteoporotic hip fracture
also known as a broken hip, is usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall.
Paget’s disease
a chronic bone disease of unknown cause named for Sir James Paget. The condition is characterized by the abnormal breakdown of bone, usually in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation.
pathologic fracture
occurs when a bone breaks under normal strain. This is due to bones being weakened by osteoporosis or a disease process such as cancer.
percutaneous vertebroplasty
performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures.
podiatrist
holds a Doctor of Podiatry (DP) or Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.
polymyalgia rheumatica
(PMR) is an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs. Rheumatica is the Latin word for rheumatism, an obsolete term for arthritis and other disorders causing pain in the joints.
prosthesis
a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated (plural, prostheses).
radiculopathy
a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine, sometimes referred to as a pinched nerve.
rheumatoid arthritis
(RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.
rickets
a deficiency disease occurring in children. This condition is characterized by defective bone growth resulting from a lack of vitamin D necessary for the body to maintain calcium and phosphorous levels in the bones.
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.
spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it. Spina means referring to the spine. Bifida means split.
spinal stenosis
a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain.
spondylolisthesis
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it.
spiral fracture
a complete fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.
spondylosis
also known as spinal osteoarthritis. This degenerative disorder can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.
stem cell transplant
also known as a bone marrow transplant (BMT), is used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas.
subluxation
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint.
synovectomy
the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee.
vertebrae
The spinal column consists of 26 vertebrae. Each of these bony units is known as a vertebra, and the term vertebral means pertaining to the vertebrae.
