Chapter 7

Question 1

This refers to the act of giving employees
reasons or incentives to work to achieve organizational objectives.

Answer 1

Motivating

Question 2

This refers to the process of activating behavior, sustaining it, and directing it toward a particular goal.

Answer 2

Motivation

Question 3

There are certain factors influencing a persons desire to do his job well. They are the following:

Answer 3

1. Willingness to do a job
2. Self-confidence in carrying out a task
3. Needs satisfaction

Question 4

People who like what they are doing are highly motivated to produce the expected output. Which factor contributing to motivation is being described?

Answer 4

Willingness to do a job

Question 5

When employees feel that they have the required skill and training to perform a task, the more motivated they become. Which factor contributing to motivation is being described?

Answer 5

Self-confidence in carrying out a task

Question 6

People will do their jobs well if they feel that by doing so, their needs will be satisfied. Which factor contributing to motivation is being described?

Answer 6

Needs satisfaction

Question 7

Theories of Motivation

Answer 7

1. Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory
2. Herzberg’s two-factor theory
3. Expectancy theory
4. Goal setting theory

Question 8

This psychologist theorized that human beings have five basic needs which are as follows: physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization.

Answer 8

Abraham Maslow

Question 9

According to Abraham Maslow, human beings have five basic needs which are:

Answer 9

physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization

Question 10

Those that are concerned with biological needs like food, drink, rest, and sex fall under this category of needs. These needs take priority over other needs.

Answer 10

Physiological Needs

Question 11

These needs include freedom from harm coming from the elements or from other people, financial security which may
be affected by loss of job or the breadwinner in the family, etc.

Answer 11

Security Needs

Question 12

After satisfying physiological and
security needs, the employee will now strive to secure love, affection, and the need to be accepted by peers. Which basic need is being described?

Answer 12

Social Needs

Question 13

These refer to the need for a positive self-image and self-respect and the need to be respected by others.

Answer 13

Esteem Needs

Question 14

This involve realizing our full potential as human beings and becoming all that we are able to be.

Answer 14

Self-actualization Needs

Question 15

Who developed the two-factor theory?

Answer 15

Frederick Herzberg

Question 16

This theory indicates that a satisfied employee is motivated from within to work harder and that a dissatisfied employee is not self-motivated.

Answer 16

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Question 17

Two Classes of Factors Associated
with Employee Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction by Herzberg

Answer 17

Satisfiers or Motivation Factors
Dissatisfiers or Hygiene Factors

Question 18

These factors are responsible for job satisfaction like achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth.

Answer 18

Satisfiers or Motivation Factors

Question 19

These factors are responsible for job dissatisfaction like company policy and administration, supervision, relationship with supervisor, work conditions, salary, relationship with peers, personal life, relationship with subordinates, status, and security.

Answer 19

Dissatisfiers or Hygiene Factors

Question 20

This is a motivation model based on the assumption that an individual will work depending on his perception of the probability of his expectations to
happen.

Answer 20

Expectancy theory

Question 21

This theory poses the idea that motivation is determined by expectancies and valences.

Answer 21

Expectancy theory

Question 22

This is a belief about the likelihood or probability that a particular behavioral act (like attending training sessions) will lead to a particular outcome (like a promotion).

Answer 22

expectancy

Question 23

This is the value an individual places on the expected outcomes or rewards.

Answer 23

Valence

Question 24

Expectancy theory is based on the following assumptions:

Answer 24

1. A combination of forces within the individual and in the environment determines behavior.
2. People make decisions about their own behavior and that of organizations
3. People have different types of needs, goals, and desires.
4. People make choices among alternative behaviors based on the extent to which they think a certain behavior will lead to a desired outcome.

Question 25

This refers to the process of improving performance with objectives, deadlines, or quality standard. When individuals or groups are assigned specific goals, a clear direction is provided and which later motivates them to achieve these goals.

Answer 25

Goal setting

Question 26

The goal setting model drawn by Edwin A. Locke and his associates consists of the following components:

Answer 26

1. goal content 2. goal commitment 3. work behavior 4. feedback aspects

Question 27

To be sufficient in content, goals must be challenging, attainable, specific and measurable, time-limited, and relevant. Which component of goal setting model is being described?

Answer 27

Goal Content

Question 28

When goals are _________, higher performance may be expected. The sales quotas imposed by companies individual members of their sales force indicate reliance of these companies to the use of challenging goals.

Answer 28

challenging

Question 29

Goals must be ________ if they are to be set. If they are not, then workers will only be discouraged to perform, if at all.

Answer 29

attainable

Question 30

Goals must be stated in _____________ whenever possible. When exact figures to be met are set, understanding is facilitated and workers are motivated to perform.

Answer 30

quantitative terms

Question 31

There must be a _________ set for goals to be accomplished.

Answer 31

time-limit

Question 32

The more _________ the goals are to the company’s mission, the more support it can generate from various levels of employment in the organization.

Answer 32

relevant

Question 33

When individuals or groups are committed to the goals they are supposed to achieve, there is a chance that they will be able to achieve them. Which component of goal setting model is being described?

Answer 33

Goal Commitment

Question 34

Goals influence behavior in terms of ___________, ___________, ___________, and ____________.

Answer 34

direction, effort, persistence, and planning

Question 35

When an individual is provided with direction, performance is facilitated. In trying to attain goals that are already indicated, the individual is provided with a direction to exert more effort. The identification of goals provide a reason for an individual to persist in his efforts until the goal is attained. Which component of goal setting model is being described?

Answer 35

Work Behavior

Question 36

Once goals are set, the first important input to _________ is already in place.

Answer 36

planning

Question 37

This provides the individuals with a way of knowing how far they have gone in achieving objectives.

Answer 37

Feedback

Question 38

This facilitate the introduction of corrective measures whenever they are found to be necessary.

Answer 38

Feedback

Question 39

Individual or groups of individuals may be motivated to perform through the use of various techniques. These techniques may be classified as follows:

Answer 39

1. motivation through job design 2. motivation through rewards 3. motivation through employee participation 4. other motivation techniques for the diverse work force

Question 40

A person will be highly motivated to perform if he is assigned a job he likes. The first requisite, however, is to design jobs that will meet the requirements of the organization and the persons who will occupy them. Which technique of motivation is being described?

Answer 40

Motivation through job design

Question 41

This may be defined as specifying the tasks that constitute a job for an individual or a group.

Answer 41

Job design

Question 42

In motivating through the use of job design, two approaches may be used:

Answer 42

fitting people to jobs fitting jobs to people

Question 43

Routine and repetitive tasks make workers suffer from chronic dissatisfaction. Which approach of motivating through job design is being described?

Answer 43

Fitting People to Jobs

Question 44

Routine and repetitive tasks make workers suffer from chronic dissatisfaction. To avoid this, the following remedies may be adapted:

Answer 44

1. Realistic job previews 2. Job rotation 3. Limited exposure

Question 45

This is where management provides honest explanations of what a job actually entails.

Answer 45

Realistic job previews

Question 46

This is where people are moved periodically from one specialized job to another.

Answer 46

Job rotation

Question 47

This is where a worker's exposure to a highly fragmented and tedious job is limited.

Answer 47

Limited exposure

Question 48

Instead of changing the person, management may consider changing the job. Which approach of motivating through job design is being described?

Answer 48

Fitting Jobs to People

Question 49

Instead of changing the person, management may consider changing the job. This may be achieved with the use of the following:

Answer 49

1. Job enlargement 2. Job enrichment

Question 50

This is where two or more specialized tasks in a work flow sequence is combined into a single job.

Answer 50

Job enlargement

Question 51

This is where efforts are made to make jobs more interesting, challenging, and rewarding.

Answer 51

Job enrichment

Question 52

These consist of material and psychological benefits to employees for performing tasks in the workplace.

Answer 52

Rewards

Question 53

Rewards may be classified into two categories:

Answer 53

1. Extrinsic 2. Intrinsic rewards

Question 54

Those which refer to payoffs granted to the individual by another party. Examples are money, employee benefits, promotions, recognition, status symbols, praise, etc.

Answer 54

Extrinsic

Question 55

Those which are internally experienced payoffs which are self-granted. Examples are a sense of accomplishment, self- esteem and self-actualization.

Answer 55

Intrinsic rewards

Question 56

To motivate job performance effectively, extrinsic rewards must be properly managed in line with the following:

Answer 56

1. it must satisfy individual needs 2. the employees must believe effort will lead to reward 3. rewards must be equitable 4. rewards must be linked to performance

Question 57

When employees participate in deciding various aspects of their jobs, the personal involvement, oftentimes, is carried up to the point where the task is completed. Which technique of motivation is being described?

Answer 57

Motivation through employee participation

Question 58

The specific activities identified where employees may participate are as follows:

Answer 58

1. setting goals 2. making decisions 3. solving problems, and designing and implementing organizational changes

Question 59

The more popular approaches to participation includes the following:

Answer 59

1. quality control circles 2. self-managed teams

Question 60

The objective of the __________ is to increase productivity and quality of output.

Answer 60

Quality Control Circles

Question 61

The _______ consists of a group of three to ten employees usually doing related work, who meet at regular intervals (once a week for an hour, for example) to identify problems and discuss their solutions.

Answer 61

circle

Question 62

The circle includes a ________ such as a foreman, but rely on democratic processes. The members are trained in various analysis techniques by a coordinator.

Answer 62

leader

Question 63

These are also known as autonomous work groups or high performance teams, which take on traditional managerial tasks as part of their normal work routine.

Answer 63

self-managed teams

Question 64

Requisites to Successful Employee Participation Program

Answer 64

1. a profit-sharing or gainsharing plan 2. a long-term employment relationship with good job security 3. a concerted effort to build and maintain group cohesiveness 4. protection of the individual employee's rights

Question 65

Other Motivation Techniques

Answer 65

1. flexible work schedules 2. family support services 3. sabbaticals

Question 66

This is an arrangement, called ________, which allows employees to determine their own arrival and departure times within specified limits.

Answer 66

flextime

Question 67

Employees are oftentimes burdened by family obligations like caring for children. Progressive companies provide day care facilities for children of employees. A multinational company in far flung Davao province has even opened an elementary and a high school within the plantation site. Which technique of motivation is being described?

Answer 67

Family Support Sevices

Question 68

A ____________ is one given to an employee after a certain number of years of service. The employee is allowed to go on leave for two months to one year with pay to give him time for family, recreations, and travel. It is expected that when the employee returns for work, his motivation is improved.

Answer 68

sabbatical leave