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Engineering Management > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

This refers to any process that accepts inputs and uses resources to change those inputs in useful ways.

A

Operations

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2
Q

Examples of final goods and services
are as follows:

A
  1. Industrial chemicals like methylene chloride, borax powder, phosphoric acid, etc., which are produced by chemical manufacturing firms;
  2. Services like those for the construction of
    ports, high-rise buildings, roads, bridges, etc., which are produced by constructions firms;
  3. Electrical products like transformers, circuit breakers, switch gears, power capacitors, etc., which are produced by electrical manufacturing firms;
  4. Electronic products like oscilloscope,
    microwave tests systems, transistors, cable
    testers, etc., which are produced by electronics manufacturing firms;
  5. Mechanical devices like forklifts, trucks,
    loaders, etc., which are produced by manufacturing firms;
  6. Engineering consultancy services like those for construction management and supervision project management services, etc., which are produced by engineering consultancy firms.
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3
Q

This is an activity that needs to be managed by competent persons.

A

Operations

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4
Q

_________ and _________ accurately defined operations management as the process of
planning, organizing, and controlling operations to reach objectives efficiently and effectively.

A

Aldag and Stearns

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5
Q

This is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling operations to reach objectives efficiently and effectively.

A

Operations Management

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6
Q

This is related to the cost of doing something, or the resource utilization involved. This is when a person performs a job at lesser cost than when another person performs the same job.

A

Efficiency

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7
Q

This refers to goal accomplishment. This is when one is able to reach their objectives.

A

Effectiveness

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8
Q

Its function is to determine and define the equipment, tools, and processes required to convert the design of the desired product into reality in an efficient manner.

A

manufacturing engineer

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9
Q

The engineer manager must have some knowledge of the various types of transformation process. They are
as follows:

A
  1. Manufacturing processes
    a) Job shop
    b) Batch flow
    c) Worker-paced line flow
    d) Machine-paced line flow
    e) Batch/continuous flow hybrid
    f) Continuous flow
  2. Service processes
    a) Service factory
    b) Service shop
    c) Mass service
    d) Professional service
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10
Q

These are those that refer to the making of products by hand or with machinery.

A

Manufacturing processes

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11
Q

A ______________ is one whose production
is based on sales orders for a variety of small lots.

A

job shop

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12
Q

These are very useful components of the entire production effort, since they manufacture products in small lots that are
needed by, but cannot be produced
economically by many companies.

A

Job shops

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13
Q

Depending upon the customer’s needs, a job shop may produce a lot consisting of _________________ similar parts.

A

20 to 200 or more

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14
Q

Job shops produce ______________, in
general. Products may be manufactured within a short notice.

A

custom products

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15
Q

The equipment used in jobs shops are of the ___________________.

A

general purpose type

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16
Q

The type of layout used by job shops is the
_______________, where similar machines are
grouped together.

A

process layout

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17
Q

Process Flow for a Job Shop

A
  1. Preparation and Grouping of Materials
  2. Lathe Work
  3. Milling
  4. Grinding
  5. Inspection and Shipping
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18
Q

This process is where lots of generally own designed products are manufactured.

A

batch flow

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19
Q

Batch flow is further characterized by
the following:

A
  1. There is flexibility to produce either low or high volumes.
  2. Not all procedures are performed on all
    products.
  3. The type of equipment used are mostly for general purpose.
  4. The process layout is used.
  5. The operation is labor intensive, although there is less machine idleness.
  6. The size of operation is generally medium-sized.
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20
Q

Examples of factories using the large batch flow are ____________, __________, and _____________.

A

wineries, scrap-metal reduction
plants, and road-repair contractors

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21
Q

This refers to a production layout arranged in a sequence to accommodate processing of large volumes of standardized products or services.

A

assembly line/worker-paced assembly line

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22
Q

The worker-paced assembly line is
characterized by the following:

A
  1. The products manufactured are mostly
    standardized.
  2. There is a clear process pattern.
  3. Specialized equipment is used.
  4. The size of operation is variable.
  5. The process is worker-paced.
  6. The type of layout used is the line flow.
  7. Labor is still a big cost item.
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23
Q

This type of production process produces mostly standard products with machines playing a significant role.

A

Machine-Paced Assembly Line

24
Q

Among the other features of machine-paced assembly line are as follows:

A
  1. The process is of clear, rigid pattern.
  2. Specialized type of equipment is used.
  3. The line flow layout is used.
  4. Capital equipment is a bigger cost item
    than labor.
  5. Operation is large.
  6. The process is machine-paced.
25
Q

This processing is characterized by the rapid rate at which items move through the system.

A

continuous flow

26
Q

This processing method is very appropriate for producing highly standardized products
like calculators, typewriters, automobiles, televisions, cellular phones, etc.

A

continuous flow

27
Q

The other characteristics of continuous flow are as follows:

A
  1. There is economy of scale in production,
    resulting to low per unit cost of production.
  2. The process is clear and very rigid
  3. Specialized equipment are used.
  4. The line flow layout is used.
  5. Operations are highly capital intensive.
  6. The size of operations is very large.
  7. Processing is fast.
28
Q

This method of processing is a combination of the batch and the continuous flow.

A

Batch/Continuous Flow Hybrid

29
Q

This is where two distinct layouts are used, one for batch and one for the continuous flow. The typical size of operation is also very large giving opportunities for economies of scale.

A

Batch/Continuous Flow Hybrid

30
Q

These are those that refer to the provision of services to persons by hand or with machinery.

A

Service processes

31
Q

This offers a limited mix of services which results to some economies of scale in operations.

A

service factory

32
Q

This affords the company to compete
in terms of price and speed of producing the service.

A

service factory

33
Q

The process layout preferred by the service factory is the ________________. McDonalds
and Shakeys are also examples of service factories

A

rigid pattern of line flow processing

34
Q

This provides a diverse mix of services. The layout used are those for job shops or fixed position and are adaptable to various
requirements.

A

service shop

35
Q

Examples of these are Servitek and Megashell.

A

service shops

36
Q

This provides services to a large number of people simultaneously.

A

mass service

37
Q

The process layout for this service process is typically fixed position where customers move through the layout.

A

mass service

38
Q

These are companies that provide specialized services to other firms or individuals.

A

professional services

39
Q

Examples of professional service firms are as follows.

A
  1. Engineering or management consulting services
  2. Design services
  3. Advertising agencies
  4. Accounting services
  5. Legal services
  6. Data processing services
  7. Health services
40
Q

They help in improving the plant layout or the efficiency of a company.

A

Engineering or management consulting services

41
Q

They supply designs for a physical plant, products, and promotion materials.

A

Design services

42
Q

They help promote a firm’s products.

A

Advertising agencies

43
Q

_______________ firms offer a diverse mix of
services. There is a lower utilization of capital equipment compared to the service factory and the service shop. The process pattern used is very loose. The process layout used is identical to the job shop.

A

Professional service

44
Q

Professional service firms are, oftentimes, faced with delivery problems brought about by nonuniform demand. Strategies that may be used depending on the
situation are as follows:

A
  1. The use of staggered work-shift schedules.
  2. The hiring of part-time staff.
  3. Providing the customer with opportunity to select the level of service.
  4. Installing auxiliary capacity or hiring subcontractors.
  5. Using multi-skilled floating staff.
  6. Installing customer self-service.
45
Q

Productive systems consist of six important activities as follows:

A
  1. product design
  2. production planning and scheduling
  3. purchasing and materials management
  4. inventory control
  5. work flow layout
  6. quality control
46
Q

This refers to the process of creating a set
of product specifications appropriate to the demands of the situation.

A

Product design

47
Q

Companies wanting to maintain or improve its market share keeps a product design team composed of __________, ___________, and ___________.

A

engineers, manufacturing, and marketing specialists

48
Q

This may be defined as forecasting the future sales of a given product, translating this forecast into the demand it generates for various production facilities, and arranging for the procurement of these facilities.

A

Production planning

49
Q

This is a very important activity because it helps management to make decisions regarding capacity. When the right decisions are made, there will be less opportunities for wastages.

A

Production planning

50
Q

This is the phase of production control involved in developing timetables that specify how long each operation in the production process takes.

A

Scheduling

51
Q

This refers to the approach that seeks efficiency of operation through integration of all material acquisition, movement, and storage activities in the firm.

A

Materials management

52
Q

This is the process of establishing and maintaining appropriate levels of reserve stocks of goods.

A

Inventory control

53
Q

There are ways of achieving proper inventory control. They are as follows:

A
  1. determining reorder point and reorder quantity
  2. determining economic order quantity
  3. the use of just-in-time (JIT) method of inventory control
  4. the use of the material requirement planning (MRP) method of planning and controlling inventories
54
Q

This is the process of determining the
physical arrangement of the production system. In the transformation process, the flow of work may be done either haphazardly or orderly.

A

Work-flow layout

55
Q

A good work- flow layout will have the following benefits:

A
  1. Minimize investment in equipment.
  2. Minimize overall production time.
  3. Use existing space most effectively.
  4. Provide for employee convenience, safety, and comfort.
  5. Maintain flexibility of arrangement and operation.
  6. Minimize material handling cost.
  7. Minimize variation in types of material-handling equipment.
  8. Facilitate the manufacturing (or service) process.
  9. Facilitate the organizational structure.
56
Q

This refers to the measurement of products or services against standards set by the company.

A

Quality control

Engineering Management (8 decks)

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