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Basic Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

The respiratory system

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

bronchial tube, bronchus

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2
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx, throat

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3
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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4
Q

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

A

oxygen

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5
Q

pharyng/o

A

throat, pharynx

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6
Q

phon/o

A

sound, voice

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7
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura, side of the body

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8
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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9
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-

A

lung, air

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10
Q

pulm/o, pulmon/o

A

lung

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11
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus

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12
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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13
Q

spir/o

A

to breathe

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14
Q

thorac/o, -thorax

A

chest, pleural cavity

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15
Q

trache/o, trachea

A

windpipe, trachea

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16
Q

anoxia

A

the absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues or organs despite adequate flow of blood.

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17
Q

antitussive

A

medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing.

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18
Q

aphonia

A

the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds.

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19
Q

asbestosis

A

the form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs.

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20
Q

asphyxia

A

the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function.

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21
Q

asthma

A

a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes.

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22
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of part or all of the lung.

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23
Q

bradypnea

A

an abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute.

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24
Q

bronchiectasis

A

permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi caused by chronic infection and inflammation.

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25
Q

bronchodilator

A

an inhaled medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs.

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26
Q

bronchorrhea

A

an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi.

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27
Q

bronchoscopy

A

the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope.

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28
Q

bronchospasm

A

“a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut.”

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29
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slow respiration or apnea.

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30
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe out.

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31
Q

croup

A

an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords, resulting in a barking cough and stridor.

32
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood.

33
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

a life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.

34
Q

dysphonia

A

“difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty.”

35
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing.

36
Q

emphysema

A

the progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking.

37
Q

empyema

A

collection of pus in any body cavity.

38
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway.

39
Q

epistaxis

A

bleeding from the nose.

40
Q

hemoptysis

A

expectoration of blood or bloodstained sputum.

41
Q

hemothorax

A

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity.

42
Q

hypercapnia

A

abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood.

43
Q

hyperpnea

A

breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest.

44
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow or slow respiration.

45
Q

hypoxemia

A

a condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood.

46
Q

hypoxia

A

the condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia.

47
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx.

48
Q

laryngoscopy

A

“the visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth.”

49
Q

laryngospasm

A

the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx.

50
Q

mediastinum

A

the middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs.

51
Q

nebulizer

A

an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist that is inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece.

52
Q

otolaryngologist

A

also known as ENT (Ear, Nose & Throat), is a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck.

53
Q

pertussis

A

a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough.

54
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx.

55
Q

pleural effusion

A

excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space that prevents the lung from fully expanding.

56
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura.

57
Q

pleurodynia

A

sharp chest pain that occurs when inflamed pleural membranes rub against each other with each inhalation.

58
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact.

59
Q

pneumonectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of a lung.

60
Q

pneumonia

A

a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids.

61
Q

pneumothorax

A

the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse.

62
Q

polysomnography

A

the diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea.

63
Q

pulmonary edema

A

an accumulation of fluid in lung tissues, especially the alveoli.

64
Q

pulmonologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system.

65
Q

pulse oximeter

A

an external monitor placed on the patient’s fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood.

66
Q

pyothorax

A

the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane.

67
Q

sinusitis

A

an inflammation of the sinuses.

68
Q

sleep apnea

A

a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels.

69
Q

spirometer

A

a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath.

70
Q

tachypnea

A

an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute.

71
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity.

72
Q

thoracotomy

A

a surgical incision into the chest wall to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment.

73
Q

tracheostomy

A

the surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea below the vocal cords to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing.

74
Q

tracheotomy

A

an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage.

75
Q

tuberculosis

A

“an infectious disease caused by an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs; it can also affect other parts of the body.”

76
Q

acute nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx.

77
Q

Endotracheal intubation (en-doh-TRAY-kee-al in-too-BAY-shun)

A

the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway.

Basic Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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