Chapter 3 Flashcards
oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, ost/o
bones: Act as the framework for the body, protect the internal organs, and store calcium.
myel/o (also means spinal cord)
Bone marrow: red bone marrow is responsible for producing red blood cells, while yellow bone marrow primarily functions as a storage site for fat
chondr/i, chondr/o
Cartilage: Creates a smooth surface for motion within the joints and protects the ends of the bones.
arthr/o
cartilage: Work with the muscles to make a variety of motions possible.
ligament/o
ligaments: Connect one bone to another.
synovi/o, synov/o
synovial membrane: Forms the lining of synovial joints and secretes synovial fluid.
burs/o
Bursa: Cushions areas subject to friction during movement.
ankyl/o
crooked, bent, stiff
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
-desis
to bind, tie together
kyph/o
bent, hump
lord/o
curve, swayback, bent
Lumb/o
lumbar, lower back
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
scoli/o
curved, bent
spondyl/o
vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
synovi/o, synov/o
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
acetabulum
also known as the hip socket; the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.
allogenic
originating within another.
ankylosing spondylitis
“a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.”
arthrodesis
“the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder.”
arthroscopy
visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope.
autologous
originating within an individual.
avascular necrosis
an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow.
bone marrow transplant
a stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas.
callus
a bulging deposit that forms around the area of the break in a bone; also a thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated rubbing.
chondromalacia
abnormal softening of cartilage.
comminuted fracture
a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed.
compression fracture
a fracture in which the bone is pressed together on itself.
costochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.
crepitation
the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.
dual x-ray absorptiometry
a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density.
fat embolus
the release of fat cells from yellow bone marrow into the bloodstream when a long bone is fractured.
gout
a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints.
hallux valgus
an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe.
hemarthrosis
blood within a joint.
hematopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells.
internal fixation
fracture treatment in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
an autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.
kyphosis
an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.
laminectomy
surgical removal of the lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra.
lordosis
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine.
lumbago
“the general term for pain in the lumbar region of the spine.”
malleolus
a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.
manubrium
the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.
metacarpals
the five bones that form the palms of the hand.
metatarsals
form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached.
multiple myeloma
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells of the red bone marrow.
open fracture
a fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin.
orthopedic surgeon
also known as an orthopedist; a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles.
orthotic
a mechanical appliance, such as a shoe insert, leg brace, or a splint, which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
osteitis
inflammation of a bone.
osteoarthritis
the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging.
osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage.
osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bone in adults.
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.
osteopenia
thinner-than-average bone density.
osteoporosis
a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging.
osteoporotic hip fracture
a fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall.
Paget’s disease
a chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.
pathologic fracture
a fracture that occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain.
percutaneous vertebroplasty
treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column.
podiatrist
specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.
polymyalgia rheumatica
an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs.
prosthesis
a substitute for a diseased or missing body part.
radiculopathy
a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine; also called a pinched nerve.
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.
rickets
a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency.
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.
spinal stenosis
is a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain.
spiral fracture
a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.
spondylolisthesis
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it.
spondylosis
a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.
subluxation
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint.
synovectomy
surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee.
vertebrae
bony structural units of the spinal column.
synovi/o
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
synov/o
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
