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Basic Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

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2
Q

clon/o

A

violent action

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3
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, or painful

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4
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia, fibrous band

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5
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

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6
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

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7
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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8
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o

A

movement

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9
Q

-lysis

A

to set free, break down

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10
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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11
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

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12
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, order

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13
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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14
Q

ton/o

A

tone, stretching, tension

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15
Q

tri-

A

three

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16
Q

abduction

A

the movement of a limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body.

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17
Q

adduction

A

the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body.

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18
Q

adhesion

A

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.

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19
Q

ataxia

A

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

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20
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

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21
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.

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22
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement.

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23
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel.

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24
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

a disease of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia.

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25
Q

circumduction

A

the circular movement at the far end of a limb.

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26
Q

compartment syndrome

A

involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles in the arm or leg; this syndrome can be caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts, or repetitive activities such as running.

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27
Q

dorsiflexion

A

the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

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28
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement.

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29
Q

dystonia

A

a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles.

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30
Q

electromyography

A

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

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31
Q

epicondylitis

A

the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.

32
Q

ergonomics

A

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

33
Q

exercise physiologist

A

a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

34
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia.

35
Q

fibromyalgia

A

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.

36
Q

ganglion cyst

A

a benign, fluid-filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or hand, sometimes as a result of a past injury.

37
Q

heel spur

A

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel.

38
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.

39
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis afffecting only one side of the body.

40
Q

hernia

A

occurs when tissue, such as part of an internal organ, protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it.

41
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased muscle function or activity.

42
Q

hypotonia

A

a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.

43
Q

impingement syndrome

A

inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

44
Q

innervation

A

the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.

45
Q

insertion

A

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon; in contrast to the origin, the insertion is the more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body.

46
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

47
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.

48
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles.

49
Q

myoclonus

A

the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

50
Q

myofascial release

A

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

51
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

52
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle.

53
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.

54
Q

oblique

A

slanted or at an angle.

55
Q

origin

A

where the muscle begins; located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less movable attachment.

56
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

57
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

58
Q

physiatrist

A

a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

59
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.

60
Q

polymyositis

A

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

61
Q

pronation

A

the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward and backward.

62
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities.

63
Q

sarcopenia

A

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging.

64
Q

shin splint

A

pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia.

65
Q

singultus

A

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm.

66
Q

sphincter

A

a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

67
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament.

68
Q

tendinopathy

A

the general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint, for example in the rotator cuff.

69
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone.

70
Q

tenolysis

A

the release of a tendon from adhesions.

71
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the sheath around a tendon.

72
Q

tenotomy

A

surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening.

73
Q

torticollis

A

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.

74
Q

transverse

A

in a crosswise direction.

75
Q

contracture

A

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.

Basic Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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