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MMSC 200 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

cali/o, calic/o

A

calyx (calix); cup shaped

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2
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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3
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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4
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

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5
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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6
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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7
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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8
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone

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9
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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10
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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11
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

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12
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin (protein in the blood)

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13
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen

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14
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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15
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

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16
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

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17
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

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18
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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19
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

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20
Q

noct/o

A

night

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21
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

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22
Q

-poietin

A

substance that forms

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23
Q

py/o

A

pus

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24
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

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25
Q

ur/o

A

urine (urea)

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26
Q

urin/o

A

urine

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27
Q

-uria

A

urination; urine condition

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28
Q

urea, creatinine, uric acid

A

nitrogenous wastes

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29
Q

kidneys

A

maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes and acids in body fluids, degrade and eliminate hormones from bloodstream

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30
Q

electrolytes

A

small molecules that conduct an electrical charge

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31
Q

home/o

A

sameness

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32
Q

renin

A

raises blood pressure, enzyme produced by kidneys

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33
Q

erythropoietin

A

stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow, hormone produced by kidneys

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34
Q

calciferol

A

active form of vitamin D, helps with the absorption of calcium from intestines, secreted by kidneys

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35
Q

cortex

A

outer part of the kidney

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36
Q

medulla

A

inner part of the kidney

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37
Q

hilum

A

depression on the medial border of the kidney, blood vessels and nerves

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38
Q

ureter

A

carry urine from kidneys to bladder

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39
Q

urinary bladder

A

temporary reservoir for urine

40
Q

trigone

A

triangular region at the base of the bladder where ureters enter and urethra exits

41
Q

urethra

A

carries urine from bladder to outside of body

42
Q

urinary meatus

A

external opening of urethra

43
Q

catheter

A

helps when a patient cannot empty their bladder, inserted in urethra to help drain urine

44
Q

glomerulus

A

collection of tiny capillaries formed in the shape of a small ball, very tiny coiled and intertwined smaller blood vessels, filter

45
Q

renal tubule

A

attached to glomerulus, reabsorption of water, sugar and salts back into the bloodstream through tiny capillaries

46
Q

nephron

A

combination of a glomerulus and a renal tubule

47
Q

renal pelvis

A

basin-like area in central part of the kidney

48
Q

calyces

A

small, cup like regions of the renal pelvis

49
Q

colic

A

intermittent spams of pain caused by inflammation and distention of an organ

50
Q

ileal conduit

A

after cystectomy, forms a pouch from the ileum in place of the bladder to carry urine out of the body

51
Q

stricture

A

abnormal narrowing of an opening or passageway

52
Q

vesicle

A

small blister on the skin

53
Q

microalbuminuria

A

leakage of very small amount of albumin through the glomeruli

54
Q

BUN test

A

blood urine nitrogen test, measurement of urea levels in blood, normally low

55
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

56
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity test

57
Q

enuresis

A

bed wetting

58
Q

in-

A

not

59
Q

tin

A

to hold together

60
Q

con-

A

together

61
Q

micro vs gross hematuria

A

microscope vs blind eye

62
Q

urinanalysis

A

color, appearance (turbid = pus or bacteria), pH (alkaline = bacteria), protein (albumin = leak in glomeruli), glucose (diabetes mellitus), specific gravity (amount of wastes, solids and minerals), ketone bodies (ketones), sediment and casts (pathologic condition), PKU (phenylketonuria), bilirubin (liver disease)

63
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

64
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

65
Q

interstitial cells

A

found in addition to the main functional cells, nephrons

66
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones (renal calculi)

67
Q

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

A

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

68
Q

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

multiple fluid-filled sacs/cysts within and on the kidney

69
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by too much fluid in tissue spaces

70
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

71
Q

parenchyma

A

essential and distinctive tissue in an organ

72
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

73
Q

renal failure

A

decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function, acute (ARF) or chronic (CRF)

74
Q

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

A

classifies renal failure severity by level of creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

75
Q

renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease (secondary hypertension)

76
Q

essential or primary hypertension

A

no obvious underlying medical condition

77
Q

Wilms tumor

A

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

78
Q

bladder cancer

A

malignant tumor of the bladder

79
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or resistance of kidney to ADH (prevents water from being reabsorbed into the blood)

80
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

type 1 and type 2, insulin is not secreted adequately (type 1) or tissue is resistant to insulin (type 2)

81
Q

creatinine clearance

A

measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney (GFR), usually low

82
Q

CT urography

A

x-ray images from CT scan show multiple cross sections of kidney

83
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, x-ray without contrast

84
Q

renal angiography

A

x-ray without contrast of blood vessels in kidneys

85
Q

retrograde pyelogram

A

RP, x-ray of renal pelvis and ureters after contrast injected into ureters

86
Q

voiding cystourethrogram

A

VCUG, x-ray of bladder and urethra while patient is voiding

87
Q

ultrasonography

A

imaging using high frequency sound waves

88
Q

radioisotope scan

A

image of kindey obtained after injecting radioisotope into bloodstream

89
Q

MRI urography

A

magnetic field pictures of kidney and surrounding structure

90
Q

cystoscopy

A

direct visualization of bladder and urethra with endoscope (flexible or rigid)

91
Q

dialysis

A

process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from blood, used in renal failure, hemo (HD) (kidney machine takes waste out of blood and returns it back to body), peritoneal (PD) (CAPD) (catheter into the peritoneal cavity)

92
Q

lithotripsy

A

break up kidney stones, crushed, shock waves

93
Q

renal angioplasty

A

dilation of narrowed renal arteries

94
Q

renal biopsy

A

removal of kidney tissue for examination

95
Q

renal transplantation

A

surgical transfer of kidneys

96
Q

urinary catheterization

A

tube inserted through urethra to drain urine

MMSC 200 (15 decks)

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