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MMSC 200 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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2
Q

endothelium

A

inner most layer of arteries

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3
Q

artierioles

A

smaller branches of arteries

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4
Q

capillaries

A

only one endothelial cell thick, carry oxygenated blood from arterioles to tissues/body cells

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5
Q

veins

A

thinner walls than arteries, toward the heart from the tissues, have valves to prevent backflow of blood

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6
Q

order that blood flows

A

venae cavae, right side of heart, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lung capillaries, pulmonary veins, left side of heart, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, arteries, arterioles, tissue capillaries, venules, veins

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7
Q

pulmonary artery

A

to lungs from heart, only artery that carries de-oxygenated blood

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8
Q

atria

A

two upper chambers of the heart

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9
Q

ventricle

A

two lower chambers of the heart

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10
Q

septa

A

four chambers of heart are separated by these partitions

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11
Q

interatrial septum

A

separates two upper atrium

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12
Q

interventricular septum

A

separates two lower ventricles

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13
Q

parietal

A

wall

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14
Q

diastole

A

relaxation

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15
Q

systole

A

contraction

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16
Q

murmur

A

flow of blood through the valves can produce this sound which is an abnormal swishing sound

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17
Q

sinoatrial node

A

pacemaker, causes atria to contract and force blood into the ventricles

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18
Q

atrioventricular node

A

send the excitation wave from SA node to a bundle of specialized muscle fibers, bundle of His

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19
Q

atrioventricular bundle

A

bundle of His, divides into left bundle branch and right bundle branch, extend through ventricle walls and contract on stimulation

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20
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

heart rhythm

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21
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

instrument to measure blood pressure, blood pressure cuff, systolic #/diastolic #

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22
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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23
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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24
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

artery

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25
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

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26
Q

lumen

A

opening

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27
Q

atri/o

A

atrium, upper heart chamber

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28
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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29
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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30
Q

shock

A

circulatory failure associated with inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to body tissues

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31
Q

cholesrerol/o

A

cholesterol

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32
Q

statins

A

drugs that work by blocking a key enzyme in the production of cholesterol by the liver

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33
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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34
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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35
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

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36
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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37
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

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38
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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39
Q

rrhythm/o

A

rhythm

40
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

41
Q

steth/o

A

chest

42
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

43
Q

valvul/o, valv/o

A

valve

44
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

45
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

46
Q

ven/o, ven/i

A

vein

47
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle, lower heart chamber

48
Q

arryhthmias

A

abnormal heart rhthyms

49
Q

bradycardia and heart block

A

block of SA node from reaching bundle of His, implantation of pacemaker helps overcome

50
Q

flutter

A

rapid but regular contractions, mostly atria

51
Q

atrial fibrilation

A

very rapid, random contractions of heart, most common fibrilation, anticoagulants help with stroke prevention,

52
Q

palpitation

A

uncomfortable sensations in chest from missed heartbeats

53
Q

defibrilation

A

helps treat fibrilation, application of electrical shock to heart, implantable ones ICD, external ones AED

54
Q

catheter ablation

A

catheter through blood vessel into heart, destroys tissue that causes arrhthmias

55
Q

congenital heart disease

A

heart disease at birth

56
Q

coarctation of aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta

57
Q

patent ductus arteriosis

A

passage between aorta and pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth, often closes on its own

58
Q

septal defects

A

small holes in atrial septa or ventricle septa

59
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, shift of aorta to the right, hypertrophy of right ventricle

60
Q

congestive heart failure

A

unable to pump enough blood, both systolic (not enough pumping out) and diastolic (not enough coming back into heart) diseases, pulmonary edema is common, left ventricular assist device can help while waiting for transplant

61
Q

coronary artery disease

A

disease of arteries surrounding heart, result of artherosclerosis

62
Q

acute coronary symptoms

A

caused by myocardial infarction

63
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of inner lining of heart

64
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

high blood pressure affecting heart

65
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

improper closure of mitral valve

66
Q

murmur

A

extra heart sound, in between lubb-dubb

67
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardium surrounding heart

68
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

69
Q

aneurysm

A

local widening of artieral wall

70
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

blood clot form in large vein, lower limb

71
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

72
Q

peripheral artierial disease

A

blockage of arteries to legs, arms, kidneys, organs

73
Q

raynaud disease

A

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis in fingers and toes, blood flow to extremeties

74
Q

varicose veins

A

swollen and twisted veins, legs

75
Q

BNP test

A

measure of brain natriuretic peptide in blood

76
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

chemicals mesured in blood as evidence of heart attack

77
Q

lipid test

A

measure of fats in blood sample

78
Q

lipoprotein electropheresis

A

lipoproteins seperated and measured in blood sample

79
Q

digital subtraction angiography

A

video equipment and computer produce x-ray of blood vessels

80
Q

electron beam computed tomography

A

electron beams and CT scan identify calcium deposits around coronary arteries

81
Q

doppler ultrasound studies

A

sound waves measure blood flow

82
Q

echocardiogrphy

A

echoes by high-frequency sound waves produce images of heart

83
Q

positron emission tomography scan

A

images show blood flow and myocardial infarction following uptake of radioactive glucose

84
Q

technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan

A

technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected and taken up by cardial tissue where detected by scanning

85
Q

thallium 201 scan

A

concentration of thallium is measure, blood supply to heart

86
Q

cardiac catheterication

A

catheter into heart by vein or artery

87
Q

electrocardiographgy

A

recording opf electricty in heart

88
Q

holter monitering

A

ecg device is worn to detect cardiac arrhthmias

89
Q

stress test

A

excersise tolerant test determines heart response to stress

90
Q

catheter ablation

A

brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to try and remove areas of heart tissue causing arrhythmia

91
Q

coronary artery bypass grafting

A

arteries and veins anastomosed to coronary artieris to detor around blockage

92
Q

endarterectomy

A

removal of plaque from inner layer of artery

93
Q

extracorporeal circulation

A

macine that diverts blood away from heart and lungs during surgery

94
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

balloon tipped catheter is inserted into coronary artery to open, stents in place

95
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

drugs to dissolve clots

96
Q

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

A

placement of balloon into aortic heart valve through catheter

MMSC 200 (15 decks)

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