Chapter 7

Question 1

style of an action within extension system which embodies the philosophy of
that system.

Answer 1

Approach

Question 2

embraces the entire spectrum of the process. It states a point of view, a
philosophy, an article of faith

Answer 2

Approach

Question 3

embraces the entire spectrum of the process. It states a point of view, a
philosophy, an article of faith

Answer 3

Approach

Question 4

It is a procedural consisting of a series of actions arranged logically for the smooth
operation of a particular teaching tasks or techno promotion.

Answer 4

Method

Question 5

It is undertaken according to some rule which considers the abilities, needs and
interests of farmers

Answer 5

Method

Question 6

An overall plan for the orderly presentation of a lesson. It is an organized orderly
systematic and well-planned procedure aimed at enhancing and facilitating learning
or teaching technology adoption.

Answer 6

Method

Question 7

A procedure or step by step way of guiding prospective clients/ adoptions in
knowing, trying and adopting specific technologyMethod

Answer 7

Method

Question 8

Extension methods- the way or techniques used by an extension system to
influence its target group i.e. to bring the target groups in interaction with the
context of extension.

Answer 8

Method

Question 9

It is implementation, having an immediate applicability to the EW/ teacher owning to
its specificity, feasibility and convenience to the one using it

Answer 9

Techniques

Question 10

It is particular trick, strategy, individual artistry of the teacher/ EW.

Answer 10

Techniques

Question 11

Approaches in Extension

Answer 11

Approach
Method
Techniques

Question 12

Transfer of technology

Answer 12

The General Agricultural Extension Approach

Question 13

to help farmers increase their production. Purpose of what approach?

Answer 13

The General Agricultural Extension Approach

Question 14

Technology and information are available but are not being used by farmers. If
these could be communicated to farmers, farm practice would improve

Answer 14

The General Agricultural Extension Approach

Question 15

Controlled by government and changes in priority, from time to time, are made on
a national basis, with some freedom for local adaptation. Purpose of what approach?

Answer 15

The General Agricultural Extension Approach

Question 16

Carried out by a large field staff assigned throughout the country. Demonstration
plots are a major technique. Purpose of what approach?

Answer 16

The General Agricultural Extension Approach

Question 17

interprets national government policies and procedures to local people; covers the
whole nation, relatively easy to control by the national government; relatively
rapid communication from the ministry level to rural people. Advantages of what approach?

Answer 17

The General Agricultural Extension Approach

Question 17

lacks two-way flow of communication; fails to adjust extension messages to
different localities; field staffs not accountable to rural people, expensive and
inefficient. Disadvantages of what approach?

Answer 17

The General Agricultural Extension Approach

Question 18

Highly disciplined and patterned: with fixed schedule for training of village
extension workers, SMSs and scheduled visits by extension workers to farmers.

Answer 18

The Training & Visit Approach

Question 18

Guides in the Use of an Approach

Answer 18

1. The objective or target adaptors
2. Cost in using an approach
3. Nature or the long-range impact of the technology
4. Techno-promotion capabilities
5. Applicability of the approach
6. in accordance with the diffusion stage
7. Must ultimately develop/change the person’s: knowledge, skills, abilities,
   habits, attitudes and values
8. Flexibility and adaptation
9. Properly documented
10. Unexpected outcomes

Question 19

Approaches in Extension

Answer 19

❑ The Training and Visit Approach
❑ The Project Approach
❑ The Commodity Specialized Approach
❑ The Farming System Development Approach
❑ The Agricultural Extension Participatory Approach
❑ The Cost Sharing Approach
❑ Educational Institution Approach
❑ Participatory Approach
❑ Mass Approach
❑ Single Purpose Approach
❑ Community Approach
❑ Area Approach
❑ Integrated Approach

Question 20

Extension personnel are poorly trained; not up to date and tend not to visit
farmers, but stay in their offices; management and supervision is not adequate;
two –way communication between research and extension units and between
extension staff and farmers can be achieved through this discipline

Answer 20

The Training & Visit Approach

Question 20

To induce farmers to increase production of specified crops. Purpose of what approach?

Answer 20

The Training & Visit Approach

Question 21

Better results can be achieved in a particular location, during a specified time
period, with large infusion of outside resources; high impact activities, carried on
under artificial circumstances; will have some continuity after outside financial
support is no longer available

Answer 21

The Project Approach

Question 22

To demonstrate, within the project, what can be accomplished on a relatively short
period of time; to test the variety of alternative extension method. Purpose of what approach?

Answer 22

The Project Approach

Question 23

Focus which enables evaluation of effectiveness, and sometimes “quick results”, for a
foreign donor; novel techniques and methods can be treated and experimented with
within the limits of the projects. Advantage of what approach?

Answer 23

The project approach

Question 24

Usually too short time period; provide tends to be more than what is appropriate; flow
of “good ideas” in the project to areas outside the project; double standards; when
money ends, project extension programs most after end also. Disadvantage of what approach?

Answer 24

The project approach

Question 25

Highly specialized; focuses on one export crop or one aspect of farming

Answer 25

The commodity specialized approach

Question 26

Technology tends to “fit” the production problems and so message of extension officers
sent to growers tend to be appropriate; because of coordination with research and
marketing people, message tends to be delivered in timely manner to producers; focus
on a narrow range of technical concerns; higher salary incentives; closer management
and supervision; fewer farmers per extension worker; easier to monitor and evaluate;
relatively more cost effectives. Advantage of what approach?

Answer 26

The Commodity Specialized Approach

Question 27

Interest of the farmers may have less priority than those of the commodity
organization; does not provide advisory service to other aspects of farming; problems
of the commodity organization promoting “its commodity” even in situations where it
is no longer in the national interests to be increasing production of that particular
commodity. Disadvantage of what approach?

Answer 27

The Commodity Specialized Approach

Question 28

Technology which fits the needs of farmers particularly small farmers, is not available
and needs to be generated locally

Answer 28

The Faming System Development Approach

Question 29

Concerned with a broad range of agricultural subjects, shifting its local focus from time
to time as village problems change or as need arise

Answer 29

The Agricultural Extension Participatory Approach

Question 30

Any NFE program is more likely to achieve its goal if those who benefit from it share
some part of the cost; program would more likely serve interests of client if costs are
shared between “outside” sponsors and “inside” target groups, commitment to
learners to participate if they pay some part of the costs

Answer 30

The Cost Sharing Approach

Question 31

Extension done by an academic institution

Answer 31

Educational Institution Approach

Question 32

popular in irrigation system development,
agrarian reform, local governance, and technology generation, verification up to
utilization.

Answer 32

Participatory Approach

Question 33

approach institutionalizes the democratic process wherein every member
of a group of target users must be involved in the whole process of program / project
development:

Answer 33

Participatory Approach

Question 34

This approach provides an opportunity for project beneficiaries or targets of
technology promotion to be involved in all stages of program/ projects development

Answer 34

Participatory Approach

Question 35

the target adopters of technology are
the mass of people whose identity and number are unknown

Answer 35

Mass Approach

Question 36

The extension agency as the initiator of techno promotion is promoting a single
technology

Answer 36

Single Purpose Approach

Question 37

They can use different methods and strategies but focus on the
number of products disposed / sold.

Answer 37

Single Purpose Approach

Question 38

An extension agency whether public or private, assists a community to develop in all
aspects- economic, social, cultural, political and environmental. The main objective is
total community development.

Answer 38

Community Approach

Question 39

The target is categorized by regions (region 1,2,3, etc.). It can be categorized
according to ecological zones as lowland, upland, and coastal areas

Answer 39

Area approach

Question 40

can be used in different modes. This can be in the context
of project implementation of a specific project like hybrid rice production. The
program puts together the services of various agencies to implement a particular
program. These agencies share their resources, agree on common goals and
approaches.

Answer 40

Integrated Approach

Question 41

Integrated approach

Answer 41

Input, Process, Approach