Chapter 6 Flashcards
Is the process of transmitting ideas, information, technologies, from one person to
another with the intent of enhancing/modefying the learner’s knowledge, attitudes,
and/or skills.
Teaching
Refers to the systematic procedure employed by extension worker in getting the vital
information across the client-learners. It includes everything one does or refrain to do
which causes behavioral changes in the individual learner.
Method
Refers to the art and skills of performance. This will involve the use of action or gestures,
changing facial expressions to depict different moods, varying voice, pitch, tempo and
timbre.
Techniques
Is a “little method”. It is a teaching aid or a tool used to facilitate instruction. It is any
means, usually concrete, used to make the instruction better, meaningful and more
interesting.
Device
Factors to consider in choosing teaching
methods to use
Human factor
Objectives
Subject matter
Available material and facilities
Time Consideration
Available budget support
Human factor involved
The client learner
Extension worker as a teacher
Knowledge, attitudes and experience are all factors of primary importance.
The extension worker must be credible, that is acceptable and believable
to the clientele groups.
Extension worker as a teacher
The clienteles may include the farmers, homemakers, the out-of-school
youth and the enterpreneurs, among others.
The client-learners
are statements of what clientele will be able to do after the learning
process.
The objectives
is what the extension worker will be presenting and discussing.
Subject matter
Time given to the extension worker to present subject matter, time of the day or
even the load time to of one to prepare the materials needed for the learning
activity.
Time Consideration
Classification of the Extension Teaching
Methods
individual contact
Group contact
Mass media
Farm and home visit, office call, telephone correspondence and result
demonstration
Individual contact
Like lecture, method demonstration meeting, group discussion, field trip, seminars-
workshop, conferences, role-playing, panel
Group contact
Radio, television, print-media fairs, field days, and exhibit.
Mass media
Types of individual contacts
Farm and home visit
Office calls
Telephone calls
Letters
Result Demonstration
involve interpersonal interaction between the extension worker and clientele either in the farm or home of the later.
Farm and Home Visits
this is the reverse of the farm and home visit as the clientele is the one who goes to the extension office and seek for technical
assistance or information from the
extension worker
Office calls
this method is the reverse of both farm/ home visit and office call as it lacks the personal or face-to-face contact between
the extension worker and the clientele.
Telephone calls
An extension worker can also
make use of business letters in
transmitting important information
Letters
This is a method of teaching usually
conducted in the farmer’s field
involving the cooperation of a selected cooperator whereby a component
technology
Result Demonstration
An interaction between several number of individuals and engage in a
lively exchange of ideas about a specific topic
Group Methods
Is a prepared oral presentation on a given subject by a trainer or a resource person
while the audience is usually passive, i.e. simply taking notes or just listening.
Lectures
Gathering of the officers and members of an organized group, or a
group of intended clienteles with the extension worker for a definite
purpose.
Meetings
Is one if not the oldest teaching methods. This method
emphasizes the principle of “learning by doing”.
Method Demonstration
Is a planned and guided visit of a group of participants to a specific site or sites for
the purpose of obtaining first-hand information about an organization and its
services / products.
Field trip/Lakbay Aral
means a meeting whereby a group of advanced
students studying under a professor with which doing original research and all
exchanging results through reports and discussions.
Seminars
Is a meeting of individuals, preferably small number usually in a round table situation
who meet for a specific purpose.
Conference
a method of adopting roles from real life other than those being played by the person
concerned and understanding the dynamics of those role.
Role Playing
Types of role playing
Structured Role Playing
Spontaneous Role Play
Types of structure role playing
The single role play
The multiple role play
The role rotation
This type of role play consists of two or three people playing out roles in
front of a group.
Single role play
all participants are players. The group is broken up
into groups of two; three or whatever number of roles is called for by the particular
role play.
Multiple role playing
consists of having one person play a role usually that of an
individual who has a problem or is creating a problem and having several class
members attempt to use their skills to handle the situation.
Role rotation
requires that the trainer elicits problems from the
group and then directed an enactment of the problem. No written roles are used.;
the materials for the role are obtained directly from the group itself.
Spontaneous Role Play
is an activity where a group of three to 10 people meet together to
discuss informally but deliberately a topic of mutual concerns usually
under the guidance of a leader.
Group Discussion
as a term suggests is held to give public recognition to
worthwhile accomplishments of the extension office, farmercooperators and the like.
Achievement Days
Is a season-long event conducted in the field wherein the farmers are encouraged to
explore and discover for themselves new technologies/ options in a systematic manner
and to make decisions based on their own learning’s.
Farmers field school
is a place where anybody can openly voice their views
and opinions in a discussion-style setting.
Open Forum
Included under the printed
media are the different
publications produced such as
brochures, leaflets, information
bulletins, newspapers, circulars,
wall newspapers, and comics used
to disseminate technologies and
other valuable information’s to
intended clientele.
Print Media
is a pamphlet or more
than four (4) pages containing
essential information on a
technology package.
Primer
is a single sheath printed material containing brief information on a specific
information that is not necessarily a step-by-step procedural instruction to follow but is also needed by the farmers.
Leaflets
thin, unbound book
containing a specific topic; more
detailed than a leaflet.
Brochures
consists of up to 20
pages joined at the spine, longer
than a brochure
Booklet
supplemental to
lectures contain some topics/
important information discussed
in the lecture
Handouts
a regularly issued
publication, keeps people abreast
to what is happening in their field
of interest
Newsletter
contains useful
information / instructions about a
specific subject matter; one-page,
continuous publication
Factsheet
contains useful
information / instructions about a
specific subject matter; one-page,
continuous publication
Photonovel
this print material
provides a valuable channel for
transmission of educational
information.
Newspaper
this material is
similar in size and appearance to
posters.
Wall newspaper
is a single sheet printed
material summarizing information
on technology package or
component technology.
Flyers
is a single sheet visual
containing photographs and
captions to highlight a
recommendation or promote
awareness
Poster
is a semi technical
publication on a package of
technology intended for extension
worker
Bulletin
can be regarded as a public display of technologies, innovations,
products, or even services available to the farmers, fisherfolks, entrepreneurs, in
particular and the public in general.
Exhibits
It may be designed to
arouse interest and direct people
to a source of further information
or it may teach a lesson by itself.
Posters
generally available for extension use
are an ineffective device for actual
extension teaching. used mainly to attract
attention, arouse interest and to
entertain.
Motion picture
Relatively
inexpensive projectors can be obtained
which will show colored slides or film
strips. The machine usually operates by
electricity.
Slide and film strip
-Nothing more than a
piece of flannel cloth stretched over a
flat smooth wood surface.
Flannelgraph
Sometimes used
by posting in a prominent place a
news sheet done in a large print.
wall newspaper
handled much the
same as wall newspaper
except that is more variable in
its presentations
Bulletin Board
visual symbols made
up of lines and geometric forms
from which pictorial elements is
absent
Diagram
the real things
which have been removed
as units form their natural
settings
objects
they are real things but
differ from objects. a small part
segment, piece or sample of the
whole that have been treated and
mounted in some special way in order
to preserve it.
Specimens
recognizable three dimensional replicas of real objects
Models
are the tools of teaching through the sense of sight
Visual aid
creates awareness &
interest among the people. It inspires & takes
people towards action.
Poster
serve as a good teaching aid. They can be made to adhere easily toa piece of thick flannel cloth, fixed on a board
Flannel-graphs
set of small compact cards approximately 30 to 45 cm.
Flash cards
very popular &
especially suitable for village situations.
Puppets
a transparent picture or
photograph in an individual mount. For viewing the image, the picture is projected through a slide-projector which brings the enlarged image into focus on a screen.
Slides
They are a series of blackand-white or colored pictures depicting a
single idea, & instead of being individually
mounted are printed on a single length of
strip of 35-mm film
Film-strips
create a sense of
realization in a person.
Models
can serve the purpose of making
announcements, displaying events
of short duration & photographs
of local activities.
Bulletin Boards
They are a very simple visual
aid.
Photographs
They provide a writing & drawing surface for chalk.
Black boards
Local cultural
programs, such as folk-songs & dramas,
are used as an effective medium of
communicating the message of
development programs
Cultural programs
visual symbols used forsummarizing, comparing and contrasting, and
explaining a subjectmatter.
Charts
