Chapter 7 Flashcards
The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.
Human Movement System
A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.
Kinetic Chain
The concept describing the integrated functioning of multiple body systems or regions of the body.
Regional Interdependence Model
The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.
Biomechanics
Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.
Kinesiology
The position with the body erect, the arms at the sides, and the palms forward. It is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.
Anatomic Position
A muscle action that occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.
Eccentric Muscle Action
Force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion. Isotonic muscle actions are subdivided into concentric and eccentric muscle actions.
Isotonic Muscle Action
Muscle tension is created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint.
Isometric Muscle Action
The speed of movement is fixed, and resistance varies with the force exerted.
It requires sophisticated training equipment often seen in rehabilitation or exercise physiology laboratories.
Isokinetic Muscle Action
A muscle action that occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle.
Concentric Muscle Action
The primary muscles providing force for a movement.
Agonist
Muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement.
Synergist
Muscles that contract isometrically to stabilize the trunk and joints as the body moves.
Stabilizers
When a muscle is automatically activated in anticipation of a movement.
Feed Forward Activation
Muscles on the opposite side of a joint that are in direct opposition of agonist muscles.
Antagonist
The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.
Length Tension Relationship
The length of a muscle when it is not actively contracting or being stretched.
Resting Length
When a muscle’s resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce.
Altered Length Tension Relationship
When an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen.
Reciprocal Inhibition
Occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist.
Altered Reciprocal Inhibition
Loading of a muscle eccentrically to prepare it for a rapid concentric contraction.
Stretch Shorten Cycle
The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading during the stretch-shortening cycle.
Amortization Phase
Neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening.
Stretch Reflex
The synergistic action of multiple muscles working together to produce movement around a joint.
Force Couple Relationship
Groups of muscles that are recruited simultaneously by the central nervous system to provide movement.
Muscle Synergies
