Chapter 7

Question 1

The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.

Answer 1

Human Movement System

Question 2

A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.

Answer 2

Kinetic Chain

Question 3

The concept describing the integrated functioning of multiple body systems or regions of the body.

Answer 3

Regional Interdependence Model

Question 4

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Answer 4

Biomechanics

Question 5

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.

Answer 5

Kinesiology

Question 6

The position with the body erect, the arms at the sides, and the palms forward. It is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.

Answer 6

Anatomic Position

Question 7

A muscle action that occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.

Answer 7

Eccentric Muscle Action

Question 8

Force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion. Isotonic muscle actions are subdivided into concentric and eccentric muscle actions.

Answer 8

Isotonic Muscle Action

Question 9

Muscle tension is created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint.

Answer 9

Isometric Muscle Action

Question 10

The speed of movement is fixed, and resistance varies with the force exerted.
It requires sophisticated training equipment often seen in rehabilitation or exercise physiology laboratories.

Answer 10

Isokinetic Muscle Action

Question 11

A muscle action that occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle.

Answer 11

Concentric Muscle Action

Question 12

The primary muscles providing force for a movement.

Answer 12

Agonist

Question 13

Muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement.

Answer 13

Synergist

Question 14

Muscles that contract isometrically to stabilize the trunk and joints as the body moves.

Answer 14

Stabilizers

Question 15

When a muscle is automatically activated in anticipation of a movement.

Answer 15

Feed Forward Activation

Question 16

Muscles on the opposite side of a joint that are in direct opposition of agonist muscles.

Answer 16

Antagonist

Question 17

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

Answer 17

Length Tension Relationship

Question 18

The length of a muscle when it is not actively contracting or being stretched.

Answer 18

Resting Length

Question 19

When a muscle’s resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce.

Answer 19

Altered Length Tension Relationship

Question 20

When an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen.

Answer 20

Reciprocal Inhibition

Question 21

Occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist.

Answer 21

Altered Reciprocal Inhibition

Question 22

Loading of a muscle eccentrically to prepare it for a rapid concentric contraction.

Answer 22

Stretch Shorten Cycle

Question 23

The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading during the stretch-shortening cycle.

Answer 23

Amortization Phase

Question 24

Neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening.

Answer 24

Stretch Reflex

Question 25

The synergistic action of multiple muscles working together to produce movement around a joint.

Answer 25

Force Couple Relationship

Question 26

Groups of muscles that are recruited simultaneously by the central nervous system to provide movement.

Answer 26

Muscle Synergies