Chapter 6 Flashcards
A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lungs, and airways.
Cardiorespiratory System
A system of the body, also known as the circulatory system, that transports blood to tissues of the body.
Cardiovascular System
Chamber within the chest that contains the heart and lungs.
Thoracic Cavity
The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest (e.g., heart, esophagus) except the lungs.
Mediastinum
The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.
Skeletal Muscle
An involuntary nonstriated muscle type that is found in organs.
Smooth Muscle
Superior chamber(s) of the heart that gathers blood returning to the heart.
Atrium
Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body.
Ventricles
The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest.
Resting Heart Rate
Located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat.
Sinoatrial Node
Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles.
Atrioventricular Node
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.
Stroke Volume
The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.
End-diastolic volume
The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.
End-systolic-volume
When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.
Bradycardia
When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.
Tachycardia
Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.
Blood Vessels
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and to the lungs.
Arteries
The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues.
Capillaries
Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and then to the lungs.
Veins
Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries.
Arterioles
Small veins that allow blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.
Venules
The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the veins (venous return) or backflow.
Venous Pooling
The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/ diastolic.
Blood Pressure
The amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow.
Peripheral Resistance
A bodily system, also known as the pulmonary system, that brings oxygen into the lungs from breathed air while removing carbon dioxide from the lungs into the outside air; includes airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles.
Respiratory System
Respiratory rate that is too fast; greater than 24 breaths per minute.
Tachypnea
Respiratory rate that is too slow; fewer than 8 breaths per minute.
Bradypnea
Shortness of breath or labored breathing.
Dyspnea
The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.
Lipolysis
Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. Target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated.
Target Cell
Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.
Substrate
Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.
Catabolic
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).
Gluconeogenesis
Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.
Anabolic
Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.
Insulin-like Growth Factor
The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.
Basal Metabolic Rate
In the digestive system, refers to movements of the anatomical structures that allow contents to pass through.
Motility
The muscle action of the gastrointestinal system that pushes food through the body during digestion.
Peristalsis
