Chapter 7 Flashcards
Surveys
Research that uses polling methods (questionnaires) to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perception among large groups of people. Cross-sectional.
kinds of surveys
- Online surveys
- Telephone surveys
- Written surveys: postal or face to face
- Panel surveys: large group are asked about a variety of subjects
Secondary analysis
Using existing data for new analysis that has a different main question.
Pro’s secondary analysis
- Saves time
- Financial advantages
- Availability of the data
- Usability
Cons secondary analysis
- Don’t have any control
- Questionnaires have been completed
- Errors may have occurred
- May have to adjust the main question
Big data research
Secondary analysis of exceptionally large datasets.
Meta-analysis
Numerical comparison of a large number of files on the same subject, with the results being re-analyzed. In-depth and extensive.
Systematic review
Research into original studies about the subject of your research. Finding existing research papers
Experiment
An experiment whereby variable are tested on subjects in a situation that may or may not be controlled so that the effect can be measured.
Variables
The characteristics of the unit that you are assessing in your research that may have different values each time.
Effect measurement
An inherent characteristic of experiments (cause-effect relationship).
Causal relationship/cause-effect
Relationship of studying and exam results. You measure the effect that X has on Y.
Laboratory or unbiased experiment
Experiment in which test subjects can be controlled as far as possible, free from outside interference.
Quasi/field experiment
Experiments that use existing situations.
Experimental condition
Exposure to the experiment.
Experimental group
Group that is exposed to the experimental variable.
Control condition
Condition whereby the group is not subjected to the experiment.
Control group
Group that is not exposed to the experimental variable.
Placebo
A pill or test that does not contain the ‘active ingredient’.
Subjects
Participants in experimental research.
Randomization
Random assignment of subjects to an experimental or a control group.
Pretest/baseline measurement
Measurement preceding the experiment.
Posttest
The measurement that takes places after the experiment.
Placebo effect
Subjects who are not given the active ingredient, but believe that they can notice a difference, suffer from the placebo effect.
Double-blind experiment
Experiment in which nether test persons nor researchers know who ends up in the research or control group.
Three variations of laboratory experiments
- control group, post testing: subjects are assigned randomly to one of the 2 groups, afterwards, the effect is measured, it is only subjected to a post test
- control group, pre- and post-testing: same as 1, but also a prior test.
- Solomon four group design: two groups are pre-tested, and 2 groups are not. And there are 2 control group.
Four field variations of field experiments
- One group, post-test: basic
- One group, pre- and post-testing: with pretesting
- Two groups, pre and post-testing: one class with humour, other one not.
- Several measurements: time series: expansion od the pre- and post testing of one group. During field experiments, the design is exposed to outside influences. To take this in account, many measurements are taken.
Monitor (list
- Time play a crucial role in analysis. In a monitor data collected at different points in time is market out. Developments can be observed and recorded.
- The same instrument is used to measure the same phenomena in the same way. The research is repeated as it were. This enhances the reliability of the result .
Triangulation (list
- Monitors and secondary analysis
- Experiment and survey
- Surveys and interviews
Panel survey
A survey done on a regular basis about various subjects and using a panel of people who have enrolled beforehand.
Respondents
People who take part in surveys.
Cross-sectional
Research in which information is collected once at a given point in time.
Test effect
Research participants react differently because they are taking part in research.
Matching
Making experimental groups comparable for certain attributes.
