Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Grade 11 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

neutral mutation (p. 282)

A

a mutation that does not result in any selective advantage or disadvantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

harmful mutation (p. 282)

A

any mutation that reduces the reproductive success of an individual and is therefore selected against; harmful mutations do not accumulate over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

beneficial mutation (p. 282)

A

any mutation that increases the reproductive success of an organism; beneficial mutations
are favoured by natural selection and accumulate over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

artificial selection (p. 283)

A

directed breeding in which individuals that exhibit a particular trait are chosen as parents of the next generation; artificial selection is used to produce new breeds or varieties of plants and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

immutable (p. 288)

A

unable to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fossil (p. 289)

A

any ancient remains, impressions, or traces of an organism or traces of its activity that have been preserved in rocks or other mineral deposits in Earth’s crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

paleontology (p. 291)

A

the scientific investigation of prehistoric life through the study of fossils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

catastrophism (p. 292)

A

the theory that the pattern of fossils could be accounted for by a series of global catastrophes that wiped out most species on Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

uniformitarianism (p. 292)

A

the theory that geological changes are slow and gradual and that natural laws and processes have not changed over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

biogeography (p. 296)

A

the scientific study of the geographic distribution of organisms based on both living species and fossils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

homologous feature (p. 298)

A

a structure with a common evolutionary origin that may serve different functions in modern species (for example, bat wing and human arm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

analogous feature (p. 300)

A

a structure that performs the same function as another but is not similar in origin or
anatomical structure; for example, bird and insect wings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vestigial feature (p. 300)

A

a rudimentary and non-functioning, or only marginally functioning, structure that is homologous
to a fully functioning structure in closely related species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

natural selection (p. 304)

A

the way in which nature favours the reproductive success of some individuals within a population over others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

survival of the fittest (p. 305)

A

a phrase that has been used to describe the process of natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adaptation (p. 305)

A

a characteristic or feature of a species that makes it well suited for survival or reproductive success its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

radioisotope (p. 308)

A

an atom with an unstable nucleus that is capable of undergoing radioactive decay

18
Q

half-life (p. 308)

A

the time required for half the quantity of a radioactive substance to undergo decay; the half-life is a constant for any given isotope

19
Q

modern evolutionary synthesis (p. 309)

A

The modern theory of evolution that takes into account all branches of biology

20
Q

gene pool (p. 309)

A

the complete set of all alleles contained within a species or population

21
Q

pseudogene (p. 311)

A

a vestigial gene that no longer codes for a functioning protein

22
Q

plate tectonics (p. 312)

A

the scientific theory that describes the large-scale movements and features of Earth’s crust

23
Q

Hybridization

A

When two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule.

24
Q

Hybrid

A

An offspring of two animals or plants of different subspecies

25
Q

5 fingers of evolution

A

Pinky: chance can happen
Ring: non random mating
Middle: mutation
Pointer: gene flow/movement
Thumb: adaptation

26
Q

Theory

A

A theory is a scientific explanation of a phenomenon based on facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observations and experiments.

27
Q

Evolution

A

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

28
Q

Gene pool

A

Is set of all genes or genetic information in any population that is usually of a particular species.

29
Q

Natural Selection

A

The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.

30
Q

Genetic variation

A

is the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations.

31
Q

Differential reproduction

A

a process of favoring survival and reproduction of the best individuals in a population

32
Q

Altruism

A

when its behaviour benefits other organisms, at a cost to itself.

33
Q

Group Selection

A

sometimes acts on whole groups of organisms, favoring some groups over others, leading to the evolution of traits that are group-advantageous.

34
Q

Kin selection

A

Kin selection is a part of natural selection. Selection normally favors a gene if it increases reproduction, because the offspring share copies of that gene

35
Q

Fitness

A

reproductive success and reflects how well an organism is adapted to its environment.

36
Q

Gene Frequencies

A

A percentage of a population that carries allele at a particular locus

37
Q

Malthus

A

● Malthus theorized that populations would continue expanding until growth is stopped or reversed by disease, famine, war, or calamity.
● Contributed to Darwin’s idea of competition and differential reproduction

38
Q

Lamarack

A

● proposed the first coherent theory of evolution.
● proposed a mechanism: use & disuse (offspring inherit the characteristics their parents use most)

a giraffe that stretched high for leaves
would produce offspring with longer necks and this could be inherited.

39
Q

Lyell

A

long-term result of short-term geological phenomena (i.e. erosion & uplift).

mountains and gorges were formed slowly

40
Q

Immutable

A
41
Q

Church: Separate Creation & Fixity of Species

A

Could not for agents church at time so had to stay to belief’s because at the time god was more powerful than anything

Biology Grade 11 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions