Chapter 7 Flashcards
Girls engage in crime, however they rarely develop crime specialties, what does it mean by crime specialties?
they are less likely to become specialized in a specific crime (doesn’t usually become a habit)
true or false: it is a public concern that girl violence is increasing
True
What do self-reports show about female young offenders
That those who are incarcerated suffer from mental, emotional, physical, and social challenges .
And are also victims of another crime
What percentage of girls in BC show signs of at least one mental illness and have substance abuse disorders
100%
Why is the ratio of boys and girls committing crimes narrowing (the ratio is becoming more even)
Not because more girls are committing crimes but because less boys are committing more crimes
What percentage of incarcerated girls suffered from physical abuse by an intimate partner
57%
What is a common factor among incarcerated females that often lead to prostitution
Homelessness
(getting kicked out)
what percentage of incarcerated girls are sexually abused at some point of their life
75%
What are the top three most common offences among females (in order)
- Administrative Offences
- Theft
- Minor Assault
Why has the YCJA decreased charge rates for girls
because more girls are being diverted
What is the most common sentence/disposition for girls (and also buys)
Probation
What is “Net Narrowing”
when youth who have been diverted out of the system struggle to access adequate resources
What type of female youth is “overrepresented” in the YCJA
Indigenous youth (females more than boys)
they are the fastest growing population in youth custody
What did Fitzgerald and Carrington examine
the overrepresentation of minority in the Canadian justice system (indigenous, black, arak, and west asian)
Before the 1970’s, theories on female crime focused on the “gender gap”
What does this term mean?
a term that acknowledges the difference in the arrest rates for males and females
What are three things early gender gap theories focused on
- biological differences
- differences in gender roles in society
- the masculinization of women
What is “Lambrosos Theory”
that if females became criminals, it is because they lacked the “nurturing/gentle” stereotype that woman usually have
What its the “Biopsychosocial Model”
it looks at the biological, psychological, and social risk factors related to the development of female delinquents
What is the “trauma informed approach”
tries to understand how trauma shapes the lives and actions of the people in the justice system and how it effects them long term
What do gender role theories focus on
the role gender plays in the lives of youth people who are involved with the criminal justice system
What is the social learning theory
that both boys and girls who suffer from a poor family environment are likely to be incarcerated
What are the three factors of the “Social Learning Theory”
Behaviour, Personal factors, and Environmental factors
Hirshi’s social bond is made up of what four components
Attachment
Commitment
Involvement
Belief
What is the “Power Control Theory” (hagan)
that families are structures naturally provide more involvement for males to be delinquent than females, constraint varies across gender
What is the Life Course Theory
Looks at how an individuals offending pattern varies over different periods and ages of their life
