Chapter 7

Question 1

Girls engage in crime, however they rarely develop crime specialties, what does it mean by crime specialties?

Answer 1

they are less likely to become specialized in a specific crime (doesn’t usually become a habit)

Question 2

true or false: it is a public concern that girl violence is increasing

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What do self-reports show about female young offenders

Answer 3

That those who are incarcerated suffer from mental, emotional, physical, and social challenges .
And are also victims of another crime

Question 4

What percentage of girls in BC show signs of at least one mental illness and have substance abuse disorders

Answer 4

100%

Question 5

Why is the ratio of boys and girls committing crimes narrowing (the ratio is becoming more even)

Answer 5

Not because more girls are committing crimes but because less boys are committing more crimes

Question 6

What percentage of incarcerated girls suffered from physical abuse by an intimate partner

Answer 6

57%

Question 7

What is a common factor among incarcerated females that often lead to prostitution

Answer 7

Homelessness
(getting kicked out)

Question 8

what percentage of incarcerated girls are sexually abused at some point of their life

Answer 8

75%

Question 9

What are the top three most common offences among females (in order)

Answer 9

1. Administrative Offences
2. Theft
3. Minor Assault

Question 10

Why has the YCJA decreased charge rates for girls

Answer 10

because more girls are being diverted

Question 11

What is the most common sentence/disposition for girls (and also buys)

Answer 11

Probation

Question 12

What is “Net Narrowing”

Answer 12

when youth who have been diverted out of the system struggle to access adequate resources

Question 13

What type of female youth is “overrepresented” in the YCJA

Answer 13

Indigenous youth (females more than boys)
they are the fastest growing population in youth custody

Question 14

What did Fitzgerald and Carrington examine

Answer 14

the overrepresentation of minority in the Canadian justice system (indigenous, black, arak, and west asian)

Question 15

Before the 1970’s, theories on female crime focused on the “gender gap”

What does this term mean?

Answer 15

a term that acknowledges the difference in the arrest rates for males and females

Question 16

What are three things early gender gap theories focused on

Answer 16

• biological differences
• differences in gender roles in society
• the masculinization of women

Question 17

What is “Lambrosos Theory”

Answer 17

that if females became criminals, it is because they lacked the “nurturing/gentle” stereotype that woman usually have

Question 18

What its the “Biopsychosocial Model”

Answer 18

it looks at the biological, psychological, and social risk factors related to the development of female delinquents

Question 19

What is the “trauma informed approach”

Answer 19

tries to understand how trauma shapes the lives and actions of the people in the justice system and how it effects them long term

Question 20

What do gender role theories focus on

Answer 20

the role gender plays in the lives of youth people who are involved with the criminal justice system

Question 21

What is the social learning theory

Answer 21

that both boys and girls who suffer from a poor family environment are likely to be incarcerated

Question 22

What are the three factors of the “Social Learning Theory”

Answer 22

Behaviour, Personal factors, and Environmental factors

Question 23

Hirshi’s social bond is made up of what four components

Answer 23

Attachment
Commitment
Involvement
Belief

Question 24

What is the “Power Control Theory” (hagan)

Answer 24

that families are structures naturally provide more involvement for males to be delinquent than females, constraint varies across gender

Question 25

What is the Life Course Theory

Answer 25

Looks at how an individuals offending pattern varies over different periods and ages of their life