Chapter 7

Question 1

Developmental Changes in Muscular Strength

Answer 1

For boys, the peak gains in strength occur about 1.2 years following height velocity and 0.8 years after peak weight velocity.

For girls, peak strength gains happen after peak height velocity, but there is more variation for individuals relating to strength to height and body weight.

Peak strength is typically present by about age 20 in untrained women, and between 20 and 30 for men who are untrained.

Question 2

Female Athlete Triad

Answer 2

This is defined as the relationship between available energy, function of menstrual cycle, and density of bone. A high risk for female athletes is when they train for a long time without the sufficient caloric intake needed for them to satisfy their high energy expenditure of training and the adaptations.

Amenorrhea occurs when there is an absence of the menstrual cycle for 3 months or more.

Question 3

ACL Injury Rate

Answer 3

6x more in females

Question 4

Aging and Musculoskeletal Health

Answer 4

Bones get more fragile with age due to the bone mineral content decreasing. Bones become more porous over time due to this.

After 30, your muscles start to lose cross sectional areas of individual muscles. There is a decrease in muscle density and an increase in intramuscular fat.

Osteopenia occurs when there is a bone mineral density between -1 and -2.5 standard deviation of the young adult mean.

Osteoporosis occurs when there is a bone mineral density that is lower than -2.4 of the young adult mea

Question 5

There are intrinsic factors leading to higher risks of falling

Answer 5

Decreases in muscle strength and power.
Lowered reaction time.
An impaired balance and stability