Chapter 3

Question 1

ATP Hydrolysis

Answer 1

Breakdown of ATP
Terminal phosphate bond breaks and releases energy
Leaves ADP, inorganic phosphate and H ion

Question 2

ADP Hydrolysis

Answer 2

Breaks remaining terminal phosphate bond and releases energy, leaving AMP, H and P

Question 3

Phosphagen Sytem

Answer 3

Uses creatine kinase to maintain concentration of ATP from CP and ADP
Law of Mass action regulates by amount of products and reactants available

Question 4

How many ATP does glycolysis consume?

Answer 4

2 with blood glucose, 4 using transport system

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

Breakdown of carbs (muscle glycogen or blood glucose) to resynthesize ATP
Results in Pyruvate, which can convert to lactate (Cori Cycle) in sarcoplasm or taken to mitochondria

Question 6

Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle

Answer 6

Pyruvate converts into acetyl-CoA in mitochondria, then enters Krebs
NADH molecules enter electron transport system to synthesize ATP Again

Question 7

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Equation

Answer 7

Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP + 2NAD+ → 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H2O

Question 8

Glycolysis Lactate Equation

Answer 8

Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP → 2Lactate + 2ATP + H2O

Question 9

Control of Glycolysis

Answer 9

Stimulated with high concentration of ADP, P, Ammonia, decreased pH and AMP: signs of increased ATP Hydrolysis and need for energy.
Inhibited: low pH, CP, Citrate, ATP and free fatty acids

Question 10

Glucose and Glycogen Oxidation

Answer 10

Begins with glycolysis and ends in Krebs cycle

Question 11

Fat Oxidation

Answer 11

Triglycerides are broken down by lipases that are hormone sensitive. This releases the free fatty acids into the bloodstream. They now circulate and enter the muscle fibers.

The free fatty acids enter the mitochondria of the muscle cells. They are then broken down to form acetyl-CoA and hydrogen protons.

Question 12

Protein Oxidation

Answer 12

Protein is broken down to amino acids and then made into glucose, pyruvate and other things needed for the Krebs Cycle in order to end up as ATP.

Question 13

Energy Production and Capacity

Answer 13

The max rate of ATP production and the total ATP able to be produced has an inverse relationship.

Question 14

Phosphagen Depletion and Repletion

Answer 14

5-30 secs = 50-70% decrease

Complete ATP resynthesis takes 3-5 mins, Creatine takes 8

Question 15

Glycogen Depletion and Repletion

Answer 15

Muscle is used more in high intensity, Liver in low. (60%)
BGL remains stable until over 50% intensity
Up to 24 hours, consuming carbs, to replenish

Question 16

Oxygen Uptake

Answer 16

Oxygen is replenished in the muscles and blood
ATP and CP are resynthesized
The body’s temperature rises along with circulation and ventilation
There is an increased rate of triglyceride to fatty acid cycling
Protein turnover is raised
There are significant changes to the efficiency of energy during recovery times.

Question 17

HIIT Variables

Answer 17

Active intensity during work cycles
Duration of the work cycles
Recovery cycle intensity 
Recovery cycle duration
Number of cycles of work or rest
Rest time for sets
The intensity of recovery between sets
And the mode of HIIT exercise