Chapter 7

Question 1

Implicit Motives

Answer 1

enduring (trait-like) nonconscious needs that influence what the person thinks about, feels and does, and these needs motivates the person towards the pursuit and attainment of specific social incentives

Question 2

What is an Implicit Motive

Answer 2

it is a psychological need that is implied or inferred from the person’s charactertistics thought, emotions and behaviour

Question 3

Explicit motives

Answer 3

are people’s conscious, readily, accessible and verbally stated motivations.
Are associated with self-report questionnaires

Question 4

Implicit motives for acheivement

Answer 4

are based on one’s emotional reactions during a challenging tasks and whether you really emotionally want to persist in the face of failure

Question 5

Difference between implicit and explicit measures

Answer 5

explicit measures people describe for themselves

implicit measures are inffered from what people write in response

Question 6

When it comes to predicting people’s behaviours

Answer 6

implicit motives do a better job than do explicit motives

Question 7

A person “needs” within an implicit motive

Answer 7

is to experience a particular pattern of affect or emotion.

“need” to involve themselves in close relationships and in opportunities for social impact

Question 8

High Achievement Strivings

Answer 8

feel interest, joy, arousal, excitement, and a sense of opportunity when given a difficult challenge that offers immediate diagnostic feedback about your performance.

Question 9

High affiliation strivings

Answer 9

feel calmness accompanied by warm, positive affect in stations that offer comfort and interpersonal security.

Question 10

High power strivings

Answer 10

feel strong, sharp arousal spikes that generate a burst of epinephrine, testosterone and increased blood pressure and muscle tone.

Question 11

Achievement

Answer 11

the need for achievement is the desire to do well relative to a standard of excellence
The individuals unconscious but frequently recurring preference to feel positive affect upon improving his or her perfomance, making progress on a challenging tasks and experinces.

Question 12

Social Needs

Answer 12

the need to have relationships with others once the physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled

Question 13

A standard of excellence is?

Answer 13

any challenge to a person’s sense of competence that ends with objective outcome of success vs failure, win vs love, or right vs wrong.

Question 14

Competition a standard of excellence

Answer 14

competition with a task, competition with self and competition against others

Question 15

Individuals with a high need for achievement

Answer 15

respond with approach-oriented emotions such as hope, pride, and anticipatory gratification

Question 16

Individuals low in need for achievment

Answer 16

respond with avoidance- oritented emotions such as anxiety, defense and the fear of failure.

Question 17

high need achievers vs low need achievers

Answer 17

choose moderately difficult to difficult versions of tasks instead of easy versions
they quickly engage in achievement-related tasks rather than procrastination
they show more effort and better performance because pride energies them
they persist in the face of difficulty and failure on moderate difficult tasks
they take a personal responsibility for successes and failures rather than seeking help or advice from others

Question 18

Hope for success

Answer 18

person anticipates to some degree positive goal attainment and positive emotions:
hope
pride
enthusiasm 
excitement

Question 19

fear of failure

Answer 19

person anticipates to some degree negative goal attainment and negative emotions
fear, anxiety, shame and embarrassment

Question 20

Active Approach

Answer 20

positive goal anticipation and positive emotions generate approach behaviours and a desire to seek out and master the standard of excellence

Question 21

Passive Approach

Answer 21

negative goal anticipation and negative emotions generate avoidance behaviours and a desire to protect the self from being embarrassed and devalued.

Question 22

Atkinson’s Model

Answer 22

Expectancy x Value model of achievement behaviour which includes his later dynamics-of-action model.
argued that the need or achievement only partly predicts achievement behaviour.
Features 4 variables:
achievement behavior (t)
M(s): are the strength of a person’s need for achievement motive to succeed
P(s): the perceived probability of success
I(s): the incentive value of success

ts= Ms x Ps x Is

Question 23

Need for Power

Answer 23

desire to make the physical and social world conform to one’s personal image and plan for it.
desire to have “impact, control or influence over another person, group or the world at large”

Question 24

Impact, Control and Influence

Answer 24

impact allows power-needing individuals to establish power
control allows power-needing individuals to maintain power
Influence allows power-needing individuals to expand their power.

Question 25

Conditions that Involve and Satisfy the Need for Power

Answer 25

Leadership and relationships
drinking alcohol 
agression
influential occupations 
Prestige possessions

Question 26

Four Additional Social Needs

Answer 26

including the need for cognition, the need for closure and the need for structure and the uncertainty orientation