Chapter 7

Question 1

What Stage of Ericksons’ Theory is birth to 2 years

Answer 1

Trust vs Mistrust

Question 2

What Stage of Ericksons’ Theory is 2-4 years

Answer 2

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

Question 3

What Stage of Ericksons’ Theory is 4-6 years

Answer 3

Initiative vs Guilt

Question 4

What Stage of Ericksons’ Theory is 6-Puberty

Answer 4

Industry vs Inferiority

Question 5

What Stage of Ericksons’ Theory is beyond Puberty

Answer 5

Identity vs Role Confusion

Question 6

What Stage of Ericksons’ Theory life stage where romantic relationships are formed?

Answer 6

Intimacy vs Isolation

Question 7

What Stage of Ericksons’ Theory is altruistic behavior by raising a family or by going beyond one’s ego and helping others

Answer 7

Generativity vs Stagnation

Question 8

Explain Ericksons’ Trust vs Mistrust

Answer 8

Birth to 2 years; parental figures must be consistent and present. If clients have not developed a sense of trust, may fear being abandoned or feel unloved. Won’t trust own feelings.

Question 9

Explain Ericksons’ Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

Answer 9

2-4 years, child differentiates the right from wrong and good from bad. setting boundaries saying no. Sets self esteem.

Question 10

Explain Ericksons’ Initiative vs Guilt

Answer 10

4 to 6 years; healthy development associated with this stage is facilitated by the parental figures setting reasonable limits…these boundaries encourage the child to engage in new initiatives.

Question 11

Explain Ericksons’ Industry vs Inferiority

Answer 11

6 to Puberty; The child observes socially acceptable activities (demonstrated by both parents and peer groups). Peer groups tend to have a stronger influence. *Transitioning through this stage, a person needs to experience an internalized sense of success. Failing to achieve this leads to discouragement.

Question 12

Explain Ericksons’ Identity vs Role Confusion

Answer 12

– beyond Puberty; Involves one’s struggle for identity and finding one’s place in the world. Roles of peer groups are very important. For parents, this is a difficult time because of the adolescent’s exploratory behavior.

Question 13

Explain Ericksons’ Intimacy vs Isolation

Answer 13

Life stage where romantic relationships as well as significant friendships develop. Boundary development problems earlier can show up here.

Question 14

Explain Ericksons’ Generativity vs Stagnation

Answer 14

Altruistic Behavior by raising a family or by going beyond one’s ego and helping others. May include giving back to the community and if a sense of giving of self doesn’t occur, then stagnation feeling can occur.

Question 15

What Stage of Piaget’s Theory is birth to 1-2 years

Answer 15

Sensorimotor Period

Question 16

What Stage of Piaget’s Theory is 1 to 7 years

Answer 16

Preoperational Period

Question 17

What Stage of Piaget’s Theory where children begin carrying out increasingly complex cognitive operations-Not Abstract.

Answer 17

Concrete Operational Period

Question 18

What Stage of Piaget’s Theory is between 12-18

Answer 18

Formal Operations

Question 19

Explain Piaget’s Sensorimotor Period

Answer 19

Birth to 1 - 2 years; Primary circular reaction – experience the world through motor capabilities and senses

Question 20

Explain Piaget’s Preoperational Period

Answer 20

1 to 7 years; Learn language skills and incorporate an egocentric view of the world. CANNOT SEE FROM A PERSPECTIVE OUTSIDE OF SELF.

Question 21

Explain Piaget’s Concrete Operational Period

Answer 21

Children begin carrying out increasingly complex cognitive operations – NON ABSTRACT.

Question 22

Explain Piaget’s Formal Operations

Answer 22

Develops between ages 12 to 18; Individuals can thinks and respond in an abstract manner. Not all adults can develop abstract thinking.

Question 23

True or False: In adolescent substance use emotional development stops and stunts emotional growth

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What are Kohlberg’s Moral Development Stages?

Answer 24

1) Preconventional Period
2) Conventional Period
3) Post Conventional Period

Question 25

Explain Kolhberg’s Preconventional Period

Answer 25

Punishment and obedience orientation – abide by rules to avoid punishment.

Instrumental – relativist – examine the child’s thought process of breaking rules outweighs the possible consequences of breaking rules.

Question 26

Explain Kolhberg’s Conventional Period

Answer 26

Good boy and nice girl orientation - conforms to family or environmental rules despite personal discomfort.

Law and order orientation – adherence to rules and order of society – person begins autonomous judgment.

Question 27

Explain Kolhberg’s Post Conventional Period

Answer 27

Arrives at moral judgments from internal principles rather than the rules of society – starts in late adolescents or early adulthood.

Period necessitates an ability to think abstractly.

The social contract/legalistic orientation is where individuals have both rights and responsibilities

The universal ethical principal orientation is where a person’s moral beliefs and attitudes are in agreement with one’s one ethical principles.

Question 28

What is the meaning of Developmental Models of Recovery?

Answer 28

o Recovery is an internal change process that initially begins when addicted patients contemplate their alcohol and drug use a problematic. As patients move from active addition into recovery, they discontinue their use of drugs/alcohol and begin to examine their thoughts, emotions and behaviors in relation to their use.

Question 29

What are 3 Models of Recovery

Answer 29

Brown’s Model
Gorski’s Model
Gideon’s Model

Question 30

Name the 4 Stages of Brown’s Model of Recovery

Answer 30

Drinking Stage
Transitional Stage
Early Recovery Stage
Ongoing Recovery Stage

Question 31

Explain Brown’s Drinking Stage

Answer 31

In denial and don’t see use as problematic

Question 32

Explain Brown’s Transitional Stage

Answer 32

Significant change in thinking – realize cannot control use. Preoccupation is about not drinking (instead of the next drink)

Question 33

Explain Brown’s Early Recovery Stage

Answer 33

Patient identifies themselves as recovering alcoholic and begins to establish relationships with others in which alcohol is not present. Acquiring a stronger sense of autonomy while attending meetings.

Question 34

Explain Brown’s Ongoing Recovery Stage

Answer 34

Exploration of spiritual beliefs as well as provides support to others. Altruistic behavior.
*Related to this stage is the movement from Adolescents to adulthood.

Question 35

Name Gorski’s Model of Recovery

Answer 35

Transition Stage
Stabilization Stage
Post-Acute Withdrawal
Early Recovery
Middle Recovery
Late Recovery
Maintenance

Question 36

Explain Gorski’s Transition Stage

Answer 36

Denial and attempts to control use (changing type of alcohol or time of drinking). Still have not connected life problems with alcohol. Try to cut down to prove use isn’t a problem.

Question 37

Explain Gorski’s Stabilization Stage

Answer 37

4 goals include recuperation from using, reduce alcohol preoccupation & increase focus on recovery, better cope with stress without using, and develop hope and motivation to continue in recovery.

Question 38

Explain Gorski’s Post-Acute Withdrawal Stage

Answer 38

Withdrawal that occurs long after the physical withdrawal, and starts with emergence of feeling overwhelmed, problems making simple decisions, and managing stress poorly. Person may also become forgetful…Can happen first 12 months of recovery. VERY IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN SUPPORT GROUP DEVELOP HEALTHY BALANCE OF FOOD AND INCREASE EXERCISE. (MINIMIZE CAFFEINE AND SUGAR)

Question 39

Explain Gorski’s Early Recovery Stage

Answer 39

The goals are to identify signs of possible relapse and break recovery down into THE DRINKING PROBLEM and THE THINKING PROBLEM. There is a huge lack of skills in managing stress and cravings and problems asking for help.

Question 40

Explain Gorski’s Middle Recovery Stage

Answer 40

Begin repairing their lives. Work to develop a balanced lifestyle. Time to make amends to those they have harmed because of their addiction.

Question 41

Explain Gorski’s Late Recovery Stage

Answer 41

Have been clean and sober and feeling better and ask themselves, is this all there is to recovery? May explore childhood patterns that play themselves out in adulthood.

Challenges Include:

1. Inability to engage in problem solving thoughts / behaviors
2. Unrefined skills in managing emotions
3. Rigidity in behavior and lack flexibility

Question 42

What is Gideon’s Model of Recovery?

Answer 42

Outlines the internal process of an addict…describes the isolation and the free-floating anxiety and tension that surrounds the addict.

a. At the core of the person are feelings of insecurity, inadequacy, and unworthiness.
b. Recovery occurs in relation to others. As a result of this connection with others, anxiety and fear is reduced. There is an eradication of irrational fears.