Chapter 67 : Laryngeal and Esophageal Trauma

Question 1

True/False: Laryngeal injury is confounded by the process of calcification, which begins during the 3rd decade of life and affects women to a greater degree than men.

Answer 1

FALSE

Question 2

Historically, this has been the main cause of external laryngeal trauma.

Answer 2

motor vehicle accidents

Question 3

Suicidal/Homicidal strangulation: This is more likely to cause laryngotracheal separation and concomittant neurovascular injuries

Answer 3

homicidal strangulation

Question 4

This is the most common presenting feature of laryngeal trauma

Answer 4

hoarseness

Question 5

True/False: Endotracheal intubation is the preferred method of airway control in laryngeal trauma

Answer 5

FALSE

Question 6

If endotracheal intubation has been performed, it should be converted to a tracheotomy no longer than __ hours

Answer 6

24

Question 7

True/False: According to NEXUS low-risk criteria, cervical spine radiography may not be done for trauma patients unless they exhibit all of the listed criteria

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

Schaefer-Fuhrman Classification of Laryngeal Trauma: Complete laryngotracheal separation

Answer 8

Group 5

Question 9

Schaefer-Fuhrman Classification of Laryngeal Trauma: Edema, hematoma, minor mucosal disruption without exposed cartilage; nondisplaced fracture; varying degrees of airway compromise

Answer 9

Group 2

Question 10

A stridulous patient with respiratory distress at presentation should immediately proceed to __________

Answer 10

tracheotomy/LA

Question 11

What is the next step if the airway is judged to be stable following initial history and examination?

Answer 11

flexible nasoendoscopy

Question 12

For the timing of repair, we aim to repair all laryngeal injuries within __ hours of presentation

Answer 12

12 hours

Question 13

Primary indication for stenting

Answer 13

significant framework comminution

Question 14

(Anterior/Posterior) dislocation is usually caused by extubation, and the vocal fold on the affected side will tend to lie higher

Answer 14

Posterior

Question 15

(Anterior/Posterior) dislocation is usually due to injury from the tip of the anesthetic laryngoscope at intubation. The vocal fold tends to lie lower on the side of the injury

Answer 15

Anterior

Question 16

Any repairs to the vocal folds should be followed by strict voice rest for ______

Answer 16

48 to 72 hours

Question 17

In patients with cricotracheal separation, the neck is kept in flexion for __ days postoperatively to prevent traction on the anastomosis.

Answer 17

7

Question 18

In patients with a normal vibratory appratus structure and unilateral vocal cord paralysis, definitive medialization procedures should only be attempted after __ months of observation for functional recovery

Answer 18

6

Question 19

True/False: The laryngeal mucosa is more firmly adherent to the cartilaginous framework in infants and children compared with adults, thus, making is less vulnerable to injury.

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

The most common cause of laryngeal trauma

Answer 20

endotracheal intubation

Question 21

In esophageal injuries, nothing by mouth status is usually maintained for ____ days and healing is assessed with a contrast swallow study using a water-based contrast agent

Answer 21

8-10 days

Question 22

Esophageal injury: circumferential exudation

Answer 22

third-degree injury

Question 23

True/False: The absence of oropharyngeal injury does not exclude an esophageal injury

Answer 23

TRUE