Chapter 59 : The Professional Voice

Question 1

This theory describes that the VF provide a harmonic source that is filtered by the vocal tract

Answer 1

Source-filter theory

Question 2

Voice rest is defined as complete vocal silence. The period of voice rest rarely needs to exceed more than _____ (timeline)

Answer 2

1 week

Question 3

Sound Generation of any type requires 1) Power Source 2) Vibrator and 3) Resonator. What anatomic part corresponds to these three requirements?

Answer 3

Power Source : Lungs / Larynx : Vibrator / Supraglottal tract : Resonator (supraglottic larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, and potentially the nasal cavity)

Question 4

In the superfical later of the lamina proprioa collagen fibers type ____ and ____ are abundant. This allows for fixation of the basement membrane zone to the superfical layer of the lamina propria yet it allows for passive stretch during vibration

Answer 4

Collagen Type III and VII

Question 5

In vocal fold nodules, the basement membrane zone is wident significantly. This is in contrast to vocal fold polyps wherin collagen type ___ appears to be less pronounced leading to a relative weakness and predisposition to polyp formation

Answer 5

Collagen Type IV

Question 6

This phenomenon is described as the relative vacuum created by the drop in pressure during phonation drawing the pliable rima glottal tissues together

Answer 6

Bernoulli effect

Question 7

Inappropriate or unbalanced changes bwtween the “chest” and the “head” voice” lead to what is percieved as voice breaks. Although these breaks are unappealing, they can be used for stylistic effects in singing. The ____ is the most commonly appreciated technique using break in registers to produce desired sound

Answer 7

Yodel

Question 8

____ is defined as the fundamental vibratory rate of vocal fold oscillation

Answer 8

Fundamental frequency

Question 9

____ is defined as the whole number multiple of the fundamental frequency

Answer 9

Haromonic

Question 10

____ is defined as harmonic fequencies that are amplifed

Answer 10

formant / formant region

Question 11

The first two formant regions are for (vowel or timbre?) while third, fourth, and fifth are for (vowel or timbre?)

Answer 11

VOWEL = 1st and 2nd / TIMBRE = 3rd, 4th, 5th

Question 12

____ is defined as the formant region is within the range of 2,300 to 3,200 cycles per second and is detected by the human auditory system preferentially over other frequencies; it allows the singer to be heard and udnerstood above the sound of an orchestra or other instruments

Answer 12

Singer’s formant

Question 13

German Physician who invented and first reported on the the laryngeal stroboscope

Answer 13

Max Joseph Oertel

Question 14

This study utilizes time plotted on the vertical axis against frequency and intensity in a graph. It emphasizes the impact of resonance (formant structure) and articulation on the laryngeal buzz

Answer 14

Spectometry

Question 15

This study measures the efficiency of glottal clossure by graphically recording the contact time of the vocal folds

Answer 15

Electroglottography

Question 16

This law indicates that laryngeal resistance is equal to sublottic pressure divded by air flow

Answer 16

Ohm’s law

Question 17

_____ is defined as an average of the phonation length in one breath.

Answer 17

Maximum phonation time

Question 18

_____ is defined as cyclical changes in the vocal fold epithelial cells that correspond to the menstrual cycle

Answer 18

Layrngopathia praemenstrualis

Question 19

Professional speakers usually speak in and around their most common vocal pitch also known as?

Answer 19

Modal Register

Question 20

The “break” region between chest voice and head voice is termed as? Specific notes for the lower and upper break point?

Answer 20

Passagio / lower = primo passagio / upper = secundum pasagio

Question 21

_____ is defined as when the vocal folds are used for phonation

Answer 21

Pica ventricularis

Question 22

_____ effect is defined as the tendency of oversinging due to loud noise in the concert environment

Answer 22

Lombard effect