Chapter 57 : Neurologic Evaluation of Larynx

Question 1

What is the most important function of the larynx?

Answer 1

Airway protection

Question 2

It is defined as the production of sound.

Answer 2

Phonation

Question 3

It is defined as the modification of phonation to produce voice.

Answer 3

Resonance

Question 4

It is the shaping of voice into words by actions of the lips, tongue, palate, pharynx, larynx.

Answer 4

Articulation

Question 5

What is the characteristic sign in the tongue of patients with ALS indicating fasciculations?

Answer 5

“Bag of worms” appearance

Question 6

In what condition can you observe a spasmodic motion of jaw and tongue thrusting?

Answer 6

Oromandibular dystonia

Question 7

Rapid repetition of the syllable ___ tests for lip function.

Answer 7

/pa/

Question 8

Syllable ___ tests for the function of the tip of the tongue.

Answer 8

/ta/

Question 9

Syllable ___ tests for the function of the posterior tongue.

Answer 9

/ga/

Question 10

What do you call the computational method of simplifying complex waveforms into component parts?

Answer 10

Fournier analysis

Question 11

Normal maximum phonation time for females

Answer 11

15 to 25 seconds

Question 12

Normal maximum phonation time for females

Answer 12

25 to 35 seconds

Question 13

What syllable can be said in repetition to measure the intraoral pressure as estimate for phonatory subglottic pressure?

Answer 13

/pi/

Question 14

It is the test that measures the light transmission overlying the subglottic neck skin to estimate the light passing through the glottis which is proportional to the size of the glottic opening.

Answer 14

Photoglottography

Question 15

What muscle is commonly tested in Laryngeal EMG?

Answer 15

Thyroarytenoid

Question 16

What are 2 EMG findings that indicate denervation?

Answer 16

Fibrillation potentials and Positive sharp waves

Question 17

When do you expect fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves to appear when the RLN is severely injured?

Answer 17

3 weeks

Question 18

What is the EMG finding in essential tremor?

Answer 18

Regular 4- to 8- Hz repetitive signal

Question 19

Polyphasic action potentials are discoordinated nerve signals that indicate __________.

Answer 19

Reinnervation

Question 20

This test uses a modified barium swallowing to directly visualize the oral, pharyngeal, and upper esophageal phases of swallowing.

Answer 20

Cineradiography

Question 21

What do you call the normal reaction of the vocal cords when a puff of air is delivered to the supraglottic mucosa during a FEESST?

Answer 21

Laryngeal adductor reflex

Question 22

At what pressure in mm Hg should the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) be elicited in a patient with normal laryngeal sensation?

Answer 22

3 mm Hg

Question 23

Lack of laryngeal adductor reflex at ___ mm Hg puff of air indicates severe nerve impairment.

Answer 23

9 mm Hg