Chapter 203 : Voice Disorders Flashcards
Voice production starts with ________ phase of respiration
expiration
This is the lowest periodic component of vocal fold vibration and it can be perceived as pitch
fundamental frequency
___________ are integer multiples of fundamental frequency in voiced sounds
harmonics
The energy or intensity in the harmonic components (increases/decreases) as frequency increases
decreases
This is the term for the resonance of the vocal tract
formant
Any anatomic abnormality that the ________ of the vocal fold can affect voice quality and result in harshness, breathiness or hoarseness.
free edge
Disturbance in ___________ may be manifested by hypernasality or hyponasality
resonance
This examination uses a short burst of light in synchrony with vocal fold motion
Stroboscopic examination
In the examination of pediatric patients, speaking tasks are carried out. The speech samples are analyzed, and a voice profile can then be developed using scales such as ___________________.
Buffalo III voice profile
Laryngeal airway resistance <30cmH2O/L/sec indicate
inadequate closure
Laryngeal airway resistance >60cmH2O/L/sec indicate
hyperkinetic voice disorders
Hyperfunction or excessive muscular tonus frequently occurs in children with
benign laryngeal pathology
Hypofunction with flaccid muscular tonus occurs in those with
functional dysphonia
This is the change of voice that occurs during puberty
Mutation
This is the 2nd most common cause of congenital stridor in children and represents 10% of congenital anomalies of the larynx
Vocal fold paralysis
This may be the most specific and sensitive test to determine the presence of vocal fold paralysis
Laryngeal EMG
Late recovery of VF paralysis is often incomplete because of: (enumerate 3)
laryngeal muscle atrophy, synkinesis, cricoarytenoid fixation
For VF paralysis, this procedure immediately improves voice but it is irreversible and it changes vocal fold vibratory characteristics resulting to poor vocal quality
Polytef injection
A web occurs because of the epithelium, which temporarily obliterates the developing laryngotracheal lumen and fails to reabsorb during the ____ week of embryogenesis
8th
What type of laryngeal web? Anterior web that involves up to 50% of the glottis. Subglottic involvement is minimal
Type II
Posterior glottic stenosis classification by Bogdasarian and Olson
Type I: Vocal process adhesion; Type II: posterior commissure or interarytenoid scar; Type III: congenital or acquired unilateral cricoarytenoid fixation with or without interarytenoid scar; Type IV: congenital or acquired bilateral cricoarytenoid fixation with or without interarytenoid scar
How to distinguish cricoarytenoid joint fixation from vocal fold paralysis?
Palpation of the cricoarytenoid joint at rigid endoscopy
Organic disorders that require primarily surgical management
VF paralysis, laryngeal web, posterior glottic stenosis, RRP, tumors
