Chapter 203 : Voice Disorders

Question 1

Voice production starts with ________ phase of respiration

Answer 1

expiration

Question 2

This is the lowest periodic component of vocal fold vibration and it can be perceived as pitch

Answer 2

fundamental frequency

Question 3

___________ are integer multiples of fundamental frequency in voiced sounds

Answer 3

harmonics

Question 4

The energy or intensity in the harmonic components (increases/decreases) as frequency increases

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

This is the term for the resonance of the vocal tract

Answer 5

formant

Question 6

Any anatomic abnormality that the ________ of the vocal fold can affect voice quality and result in harshness, breathiness or hoarseness.

Answer 6

free edge

Question 7

Disturbance in ___________ may be manifested by hypernasality or hyponasality

Answer 7

resonance

Question 8

This examination uses a short burst of light in synchrony with vocal fold motion

Answer 8

Stroboscopic examination

Question 9

In the examination of pediatric patients, speaking tasks are carried out. The speech samples are analyzed, and a voice profile can then be developed using scales such as ___________________.

Answer 9

Buffalo III voice profile

Question 10

Laryngeal airway resistance <30cmH2O/L/sec indicate

Answer 10

inadequate closure

Question 11

Laryngeal airway resistance >60cmH2O/L/sec indicate

Answer 11

hyperkinetic voice disorders

Question 12

Hyperfunction or excessive muscular tonus frequently occurs in children with

Answer 12

benign laryngeal pathology

Question 13

Hypofunction with flaccid muscular tonus occurs in those with

Answer 13

functional dysphonia

Question 14

This is the change of voice that occurs during puberty

Answer 14

Mutation

Question 15

This is the 2nd most common cause of congenital stridor in children and represents 10% of congenital anomalies of the larynx

Answer 15

Vocal fold paralysis

Question 16

This may be the most specific and sensitive test to determine the presence of vocal fold paralysis

Answer 16

Laryngeal EMG

Question 17

Late recovery of VF paralysis is often incomplete because of: (enumerate 3)

Answer 17

laryngeal muscle atrophy, synkinesis, cricoarytenoid fixation

Question 18

For VF paralysis, this procedure immediately improves voice but it is irreversible and it changes vocal fold vibratory characteristics resulting to poor vocal quality

Answer 18

Polytef injection

Question 19

A web occurs because of the epithelium, which temporarily obliterates the developing laryngotracheal lumen and fails to reabsorb during the ____ week of embryogenesis

Answer 19

8th

Question 20

What type of laryngeal web? Anterior web that involves up to 50% of the glottis. Subglottic involvement is minimal

Answer 20

Type II

Question 21

Posterior glottic stenosis classification by Bogdasarian and Olson

Answer 21

Type I: Vocal process adhesion; Type II: posterior commissure or interarytenoid scar; Type III: congenital or acquired unilateral cricoarytenoid fixation with or without interarytenoid scar; Type IV: congenital or acquired bilateral cricoarytenoid fixation with or without interarytenoid scar

Question 22

How to distinguish cricoarytenoid joint fixation from vocal fold paralysis?

Answer 22

Palpation of the cricoarytenoid joint at rigid endoscopy

Question 23

Organic disorders that require primarily surgical management

Answer 23

VF paralysis, laryngeal web, posterior glottic stenosis, RRP, tumors