Chapter 65: Diagnostic Procedures for Male Reproductive Disorders

Question 1

Changes to the prostate gland are common as men ____, and routine diagnostic procedures are recommended to evaluate these changes.

Answer 1

age

Question 2

_______ of the prostate gland is usually benign and is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Answer 2

Enlargement

Question 3

_____ cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in men.

Answer 3

Prostate

Question 4

Diagnostic procedures for male reproductive disorders include:

Answer 4

prostate-specific antigen PSA
early prostate cancer antigen EPCA-2
digital rectum exam DRE
transrectal ultrasound TRUS

Question 5

________ measures the amount of a protein produced by the prostate gland in the bloodstream. It is performed prior to the DRE because a rise in ____ can occur due to the irritation that occurs upon palpation of the gland. A sample of blood is used to determine the _____ level.

Answer 5

PSA
prostate-specific antigen
PSA
PSA

Question 6

_____ measures the amount of protein in the blood that is only produced by abnormal prostate cells.

Answer 6

EPCA-2

Question 7

_____ is done in an office or a clinic. The client will lean over the exam table, the provider places a gloved, lubricated finger in the client’s anus and palpates the posterior portion of the prostate gland through the rectal wall. The client can also be placed on his side or in the lithotomy position for the exam.

Answer 7

DRE

digital rectum exam

Question 8

If the DRE reveals an abnormality, the location of the potentially cancerous prostate lesion is determined by ________ and confirmed by a biopsy.

Answer 8

ultrasonography

Question 9

Many providers recommend an annual PSA and DRE for men older than ______ to help ensure early detection of prostrate cancer.

Answer 9

50

Question 10

_______ men and men who have a family history of prostate cancer should begin screening at an earlier age.

Answer 10

African American

Question 11

Because the _____ is highly sensitive in detecting prostate cancer some providers are using this test in place of a biopsy.

Answer 11

EPCA-2

Question 12

_____ test can also me used to monitor the client’s response to treatment for prostate cancer.

Answer 12

EPCA-2

Question 13

As the prostate gland enlarges, it encroaches on the urethra and causes diminished flow and retention of urine. Blood can also be found in the urine. These findings can indicate ______ or prostate cancer.

Answer 13

BPH

Question 14

An increase in PSA levels can indicate that a client has _______.

Answer 14

prostatic cancer.

Question 15

An increase in PSA levels increase with age. For a man younger than 50 years of age, a PSA level of _____ ng/mL is within the expected range.

Answer 15

2.5

Question 16

The client can have an elevated PSA level for up to _____ weeks following a UTI.

Answer 16

6 weeks

Question 17

A PSA value greater than ____ ng/mL requires further evaluation.

Answer 17

4

Question 18

An elevated PSA is an indicating of a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, BPH, and _______.

Answer 18

acute prostatitis

Question 19

For EPCA-2 a value of ____ ng/mL or greater is highly suggestive of prostate cancer.

Answer 19

30

Question 20

Abnormal findings during the DRE include an abnormally large and _____ prostate with an irregular shape or lumps.

Answer 20

hard

Question 21

With a _______ a client is placed on his left side, a probe is inserted into the client’s rectum, and sound waves are bounded off the surface of the prostate gland to provide an image.

Answer 21

transrectal ultrasound

Question 22

The provider may prescribe an _____ prior to a transrectal ultrasound.

Answer 22

enema

Question 23

A transrectal ultrasound procedure is contraindicated for lcients who have a _______ since the rectal ultrasound probe is covered by a _____ sac.

Answer 23

latex allergy

latex

Question 24

A TRUS is done if a client’s ______ level is elevated or the _____ reveals a possible abnormality.

Answer 24

PSA

DRE

Question 25

If an irregularity is found with a TRUS, the image is used to guide a ______.

Answer 25

needle biopsy

Question 26

A _____ or EPCA-2 is used to make the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Answer 26

biopsy