Chapter 5

Question 1

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which are the _____ that protect the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 1

membranes

Question 2

Viral, or _____, meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and commonly resolves without treatment.

Answer 2

aseptic

Question 3

_____ meningitis is common in clients who have AIDs.

Answer 3

Fungal

Question 4

Bacterial or ______ meningitis is a contagious infection with a high mortality rate. The prognosis depends on how quickly care is initiated.

Answer 4

septic

Question 5

There are _____ vaccines for different pathogens that cause bacterial meningitis. One is available for high-risk populations, such as residential college students.

Answer 5

three

Question 6

The 3 vaccinations

Answer 6

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV)
Meningococcal vaccine (MCV4)

Question 7

Hib vaccine is a serious of ______ doses beginning at 2 months of age, with the final dose at 12-15 months.

Answer 7

4

Question 8

The ____ vaccine should be given to infants on schedule to prevent bacterial meningitis.

Answer 8

Hib

Question 9

Though intended to prevent respiratory infection, this immunization also decreases the risk or CNS infections.

Answer 9

PPSV

Question 10

Adults who are immunocompromised, have a chronic disease, smoke cigarettes, or live in a long-term care facility should receive the _____ vaccine. Give one dose to adults older than 65 who have not previously been immunized nor have a history of disease.

Answer 10

PPSV

Question 11

Ensure that adolescents receive this vaccine on schedule and prior to living in a residential setting in college.

Answer 11

MCV4 Meningoccal vaccine

Question 12

Individuals in other communal living conditions (military) also should be immunized with the ____ vaccine.

Answer 12

MCV4

Question 13

An initial dose of ______ is recommended for healthy children between the ages of 11 to 12, with a booster administered at age 16.

Answer 13

MCV4

Question 14

Risk factors for Viral meningitis

Answer 14

Viral illnesses such as mumps, measles, herpes, and arboviruses (West Nile)

There is no vaccine against Viral meningitis

Question 15

Risk factors for Fungal meningitis

Answer 15

Fulminant fungal-based infection of the sinuses are from the organism Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 16

Risk factors for bacterial meningitis

Answer 16

bacterial based infections such as otitis media, pneumonia, or sinusitis, in which the infectious micro-organism is Neisseria meningitis, streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae.

Question 17

Risk factors

Answer 17

immunosuppression
direct contamination of spinal fluid
invasive procedures, skull fracture, or penetrating wound
environment: overcrowded living conditions

Question 18

Meningitis subjective data

Answer 18

excruciating, constant headache
nuchal rigidity (stiff neck)
Photophobia (sensitivity to light)

Question 19

Meningitis objective data

Answer 19

fever and chills
N/V
altered LOV
positiive Kernig’s sign (resistance and pain with extension of the client’s leg from a flexed position)
positive Brudzinski’s sign (flexion of the knees and hips occurring with deliberate flexion of the client’s neck)
hyperactive DTR
tachycardia
seizures
red macular rash (meningococcal meningitis)
restlessness, irratibility

Question 20

Meningitis lab tests

Answer 20

urine, throat, nose, and blood culture and sensitivity

CBC

Question 21

A ________ of various body fluids to identify possible infectious bacteria and an appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotic. Not definitive for meningitis but can guide initial selection of antimicrobial.

Answer 21

culture and sensitivity

Question 22

With a CBC there will be an elevated _____.

Answer 22

WBC