Chapter 6 - Treatment of Psych Disorders Flashcards
Goal of Psychoanalysis
Help patients achieve INSIGHT
Insight
Conscious awareness of underlying problems
- psychoanalysis
Free Association
Verbal reports on thoughts, feelings, or images that enter awareness without censorship
- provide clues to that unconscious
Dream Interpretation
Help client understand the symbolic meaning of the dream
- expresses impulses, fantasies
Resistance
Defensive maneuvers that hinder therapy
- Sign that anxiety-arousing material is approaching
- Avoidance patterns; protection
- Psychoanalysis
Transference
Client responds irrationally to therapist as if they were an important figure from the client’s past
- Positive - affection, love for therapist
- Negative - anger at therapist
Psychoanalysis
Psychodynamic Therapies
Briefer, more economical
- Focus on maladaptive past
- Employ in a focused, active fashion
- Meet once or twice a week, just focusing
on the issue at hand; underlying conflicts causing the disorder
The Focus of Cognitive Therapies
Role of irrational and self-defeating thought patterns
* Help clients discover & change cognitions
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Irrational beliefs
* POINT OUT errors of thinking
* IDENTIFY & REPROGRAM thought patterns
- viewing the world that is more in line with reality
- thoughts are the cause of these problems
- Before: maladaptive pattern. After: cognitive restructuring
Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)
*A - Activating event (trigger)
*B - Belief system (that underlies the event)
*C - Consequences
* (emotional & behavioural)
*D - Disputing or challenging maladaptive emotions, behaviours
- Ellis
- Cognitive therapy
Operant Conditioning
- Reward desirable behaviour
- Do nothing or punish undesirable behaviours
- Behaviour therapy
Exposure
Treat phobias through exposure to feared stimulus in the absence of a threat
- repeatedly exposed to what causes the anxiety, try to break the association between the fear and the stimulus in a safe environment
- behaviour therapy
Flooding
Exposed to real-life feared stimuli
- aka exposure therapy
- behaviour therapy
Implosion
Imagine scenes involving stimuli, not physically interacting with it
- behaviour therapy
Systematic Desensitization
- Eliminate anxiety through COUNTERCONDITIONING - a new response is conditioned to an anxiety arousing stimulus
- Relaxation and progressive association (listing fears in ascending order in a hierarchy of situations)
- behaviour therapy
In-Vivo Desensitization
Controlled exposure to ‘real life’ situations
- Height phobia - someone standing on a bridge, but they are relaxed
- safe environment
- behaviour therapy
Social Skills Training
Learning of new skills by observing and imitating a model
- therapist demonstrates, patient models them
- apply behaviour to real life situations;
success becomes really rewarding, encourages them to continue increased self esteem
“Third-Wave” Cognitive-behaviour Therapies (CBT)
- Concepts of mindfulness
- Humanistic and eastern methods
- feel good type therapy, improve yourself through yourself
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
- Focus on mindfulness as a vehicle of change
- focus on client to notice and embrace
thoughts and feelings, even negative
ones. Accept them
- focus on client to notice and embrace
- Don’t exert control over thoughts and feelings
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
Elements from multiple therapies
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- behavioural - interpersonal skills, problem solving
- cognitive - thinking about world and selves
- psychodynamic - history of events applied to what’s happening now
Client-Centered Therapy (humanistic psychotherapies)
Focus:
* CONSCIOUS CONTROL of behavior
* PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
- a lot on positivity
- more on the future than the past
- client and therapist are equals
- Aka Person-centered therapy
- helping encouraging people to reach
their potential through their
understanding - Key figure: Carl Rogers
- Focused on therapeutic environment
Three Traits in Client-Centered therapy
- Genuineness
* Consistency in therapist’s
feelings & behaviors - Empathy
* View through client’s eyes - Unconditional positive regard
* Accept clients without judgment
* provides a sense of trust
Psychopharmacology
Study of how drugs affect cognitions, emotions, and behaviour
Psychotropics
Drugs that affect mental processes
- changing brain chemistry
